如何通过PowerShell中的哈希值在递归期间跟踪路径/键？

Question

我一直在尝试将两个哈希值相互比较。不幸的是，即使得到了这里的大力帮助，我也很难把我想做的事情集中起来。

所以，我再次求助于互联网搜索，我很幸运找到了 Edxi 的代码（完全归功于他和 Dbroeglin，他似乎是最初编写的）

https://gist.github.com/edxi/87cb8a550b43ec90e4a89d2e69324806

他的 compare-hash 函数在比较方面完全符合我的需要。但是，我想在最终输出中报告哈希的完整路径。所以我试图更新代码以允许这样做。我的想法是我应该能够在代码自行循环时获取密钥（又名路径），但我显然是以错误的方式处理它。

我是否采用正确的方法来解决这个问题，如果没有，有人会建议另一种方法吗？到目前为止我发现的最大问题是，如果我更改哈希，我的代码更改将不起作用，例如添加'More' = 'stuff' 所以它变成$sailings.Arrivals.PDH083.More 打破了我设置的路径。

我的代码版本：

$Sailings = @{
    'Arrivals'   = @{
        'PDH083' = @{
            'GoingTo'   = 'Port1'
            'Scheduled' = '09:05'
            'Expected'  = '10:11'
            'Status'    = 'Delayed'
        }
    }
    'Departures' = @{
        'PDH083' = @{
            'ArrivingFrom' = 'Port1'
            'Scheduled'    = '09:05'
            'Expected'     = '09:05'
            'Status'       = 'OnTime'
            'Other'        = @{'Data' = 'Test'}
        }
    }
}

$Flights = @{
    'Arrivals'   = @{
        'PDH083' = @{
            'GoingTo'   = 'Port'
            'Scheduled' = '09:05'
            'Expected'  = '10:20'
            'Status'    = 'Delayed'

        }
    }
    'Departures' = @{
        'PDH083' = @{
            'ArrivingFrom' = 'Port11'
            'Scheduled'    = '09:05'
            'Expected'     = '09:05'
            'Status'       = 'NotOnTime'
            'Other'        = @{'Data' = 'Test_Diff'}
        }
    }
}


function Compare-Hashtable {

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Hashtable]$Left,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Hashtable]$Right,
        [string] $path,
        [boolean] $trackpath = $True
    )
    write-host "PAth received as: $path"
    function New-Result($Key, $LValue, $Side, $RValue) {
        New-Object -Type PSObject -Property @{
            key    = $Key
            lvalue = $LValue
            rvalue = $RValue
            side   = $Side
        }
    }




    [Object[]]$Results = $Left.Keys | ForEach-Object {

        if ($trackpath ) {
            write-host "Working on Path: " $path + $_
        }

        if ($Left.ContainsKey($_) -and !$Right.ContainsKey($_)) {
            write-host "Right key not matched. Report path as: $path"
            New-Result $path $Left[$_] "<=" $Null
        }
        else {
            if ($Left[$_] -is [hashtable] -and $Right[$_] -is [hashtable] ) {
                if ($path -ne $null -or $path -ne "/") {
                    $path = $path + "/" + $_
                    write-host "Sending Path to function as: $path"
                }
                Compare-Hashtable $Left[$_] $Right[$_] $path
            }
            else {
                $LValue, $RValue = $Left[$_], $Right[$_]
                if ($LValue -ne $RValue) {
                    $path = $path + "/" + $_
                    write-host "Not a hash so must be a value at path:$path"
                    New-Result $path $LValue "!=" $RValue
                }
                else {
                    Write-Host "Before changing path: $path "
                    if (($path.Substring(0, $path.lastIndexOf('/'))).length >0) {
                        $path = $path.Substring(0, $path.lastIndexOf('/'))
                        Write-Host "After changing path: $path "
                    }
                }
            }

        }
       # if (($path.Substring(0, $path.lastIndexOf('/'))).length >0) { 
       # Tried to use this to stop error on substring being less than zero
       # but clearly doesnt work when you add more levels to the hash 
                   $path = $path.Substring(0, $path.lastIndexOf('/'))
       # } else { $path = $path.Substring(0, $path.lastIndexOf('/')) }

    }



    $Results += $Right.Keys | ForEach-Object {
        if (!$Left.ContainsKey($_) -and $Right.ContainsKey($_)) {
            New-Result $_ $Null "=>" $Right[$_]

        }
    }


    if ($Results -ne $null) { $Results }
}
cls

Compare-Hashtable $Sailings $Flights

outputs
key                             lvalue side rvalue
---                             ------ ---- ------
/Arrivals/PDH083/Expected       10:11  !=   10:20
/Arrivals/GoingTo               Port1  !=   Port
/Departures/PDH083/ArrivingFrom Port1  !=   Port11
/Departures/PDH083/Status       OnTime !=   NotOnTime
/Departures/PDH083/Other/Data   Test   !=   Test_Diff

Answer 1

我不会对$Path 进行太多的字符串操作，而是威胁$Path 作为一个数组，并在您将其作为属性（key = $Path -Join "/"）分配给对象时将其加入字符串：

function Compare-Hashtable {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Hashtable]$Left,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [Hashtable]$Right,
        [string[]] $path = @(),
        [boolean] $trackpath = $True
    )
    write-host "Path received as: $path"
    function New-Result($Path, $LValue, $Side, $RValue) {
        New-Object -Type PSObject -Property @{
            key    = $Path -Join "/"
            lvalue = $LValue
            rvalue = $RValue
            side   = $Side
        }
    }

    $Left.Keys | ForEach-Object {
        $NewPath = $Path + $_
        if ($trackpath ) {
            write-host "Working on Path: " $NewPath
        }

        if ($Left.ContainsKey($_) -and !$Right.ContainsKey($_)) {
            write-host "Right key not matched. Report path as: $NewPath"
            New-Result $NewPath $Left[$_] "<=" $Null
        }
        else {
            if ($Left[$_] -is [hashtable] -and $Right[$_] -is [hashtable] ) {
                 Compare-Hashtable $Left[$_] $Right[$_] $NewPath
            }
            else {
                $LValue, $RValue = $Left[$_], $Right[$_]
                if ($LValue -ne $RValue) {
                    New-Result $NewPath $LValue "!=" $RValue
                }
             }

        }
    }
    $Right.Keys | ForEach-Object {
        $NewPath = $Path + $_
        if (!$Left.ContainsKey($_) -and $Right.ContainsKey($_)) {
            New-Result $NewPath $Null "=>" $Right[$_]

        }
    }
}
cls

Compare-Hashtable $Sailings $Flights

旁注： 将单个记录写入管道 (SC03)，请参阅：Strongly Encouraged Development Guidelines。换句话说，不要执行$Results += ...，而是在中间将任何完成的结果放入管道中，以便获取下一个 cmdlet（此外，它不必要地编码）...