"before :each do" 块不在 rspec 中运行答案

【问题标题】："before :each do" block not being run in rspec"before :each do" 块不在 rspec 中运行
【发布时间】：2013-06-05 04:30:09
【问题描述】：

在 rspec 测试中，我尝试在运行测试之前初始化两个变量，如下所示

  describe "Publishing" do
    before :each do
      page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
      page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
    end
    it "returns published pages" do
      expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published]
    end
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
      expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
    end
  end

当我这样做时，我得到一个错误：

1) Page Publishing returns unpublished pages
     Failure/Error: expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
     NameError:
       undefined local variable or method `page_unpublished' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_1::Nested_4:0x0000010355b8c0>

但是，如果我在每个 it 块中定义变量，则没有错误。例如：

  describe "Publishing" do
    it "returns published pages" do
      page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
      expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published]
    end
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
      page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
      expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
    end
  end

为什么在“before :each do”块中声明的变量在它的块中没有被识别？

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails rspec

【解决方案1】：

因为您将它们声明为 each 块的本地变量，这会立即超出范围。您需要将它们声明为实例变量以使它们可用于其他方法：

before :each do
  @page_published = Page.create(attributes_for(:page))
  @page_unpublished = Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished))
end

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

meagar 是对的。但这也是使用 let! 块的主要场所，因此：

  describe "Publishing" do

    let! :page_published { Page.create(attributes_for(:page)) }
    let! :page_unpublished { Page.create(attributes_for(:page_unpublished)) }

    it "returns published pages" do
      expect(Page.published).to eq [page_published]
    end
    it "returns unpublished pages" do 
      expect(Page.unpublished).to eq [page_unpublished]
    end
  end

【讨论】：