FactoryGirl::AttributeDefinitionError：属性已定义：用户答案

【问题标题】：FactoryGirl::AttributeDefinitionError: Attribute already defined: userFactoryGirl::AttributeDefinitionError：属性已定义：用户
【发布时间】：2016-07-27 05:22:21
【问题描述】：

我创建了工厂客户和合同。我运行测试，但显示错误

FactoryGirl.define do
  factory :client, class: User do
    role 'client'
    first_name 'John'
    sequence(:last_name) {  |n| "client#{n}" }
    sequence(:email) { |n| "client#{n}@example.com" }
    # avatar { Rack::Test::UploadedFile.new(File.join(Rails.root, 'public', 'images', '128.jpg')) }
    password 'password'
    password_confirmation 'password'
  end
end

support/controller_macros.rb

module ControllerMacros
  def login_client
    before do
      @client = create(:client)
      #@request.env['devise.mapping'] = Devise.mappings[:client]
      sign_in @client
    end
  end
end

FactoryGirl.define do
  factory :contract do
    sequence(:title) { |n| "translation#{n}" }
    amount 150
    additional_information 'X' * 500
    due_date { 21.days.from_now }

    association :user, factory: :client
    association :user, factory: :contractor
  end
end

我运行测试 rspec 规范/控制器/contracts_controller_spec.rb

require 'rails_helper'

describe ContractsController do
  login_client
  let(:contract) { create(:contract) }

  describe 'POST #create' do

    context 'with valid attributes' do
      it 'redirects to payment page' do
        post :create, contract: attributes_for(:contract)
        expect(response).to redirect_to payment_new_path
      end
    end
  end
end

错误显示：

Failure/Error: post :create, contract: attributes_for(:contract)
  FactoryGirl::AttributeDefinitionError:
    Attribute already defined: user

工厂或测试中有什么问题？

【问题讨论】：

:contract 的工厂是什么？
我更新了问题。
两次不太明白association :user的定义，能详细点吗？

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby rspec

【解决方案1】：

Factory :contract 定义了两个名为 user 的属性，这是不允许的。

给他们独特的（在工厂内）标签，例如：

FactoryGirl.define do
  factory :contract do
    sequence(:title) { |n| "translation#{n}" }
    amount 150
    additional_information 'X' * 500
    due_date { 21.days.from_now }

    association :client, factory: :client
    association :contractor, factory: :contractor
  end
end

因为它们看起来很合适，所以我选择了与工厂名称相对应的属性名称。这甚至可以通过省略工厂名称来缩短它：

FactoryGirl.define do
  factory :contract do
    sequence(:title) { |n| "translation#{n}" }
    amount 150
    additional_information 'X' * 500
    due_date { 21.days.from_now }

    client
    contractor
  end
end

（参见http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/factory_girl/file/GETTING_STARTED.md，“关联”部分：

如果工厂名与关联名相同，工厂名可以省略。

)

【讨论】：