这里没有发生“递归”,我认为这就是你感到困惑的地方。
来自 PostgreSQL 文档:http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/queries-with.html
Note: Strictly speaking, this process is iteration not recursion,
but RECURSIVE is the terminology chosen by the SQL standards committee.
套用这句话,WITH RECURSIVE 可以看作是一个简单的WHILE 循环。
WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
VALUES (1)
UNION ALL
SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
)
SELECT * FROM t;
这里有一些定制的伪代码来详细解释这个过程
# Step 1: initialisation
LET cte_result = EMPTY
LET working_table = VALUES (1)
LET intermediate_table = EMPTY
# Step 2: result initialisation, merge initialisation into cte_result
cte_result = cte_result UNION working_table
# Step 3: iteration test
WHILE (working_table is not empty) DO
# Step 4: iteration select, we substitute the self-reference with working_table
intermediate_table = SELECT n+1 FROM working_table WHERE n < 100
# Step 5: iteration merge, merge the iteration result into cte_result
cte_result = cte_result UNION intermediate_table
# Step 6: iteration end, prepare for next iteration
working_table = intermediate_table
intermediate_table = EMPTY
END WHILE
# Step 7: return
RETURN cte_result
并举个例子
# Step 1: initialisation
cte_result: EMPTY | working_table: 1 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 2: result initialisation
cte_result: 1 | working_table: 1 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 3: iteration test
count(working_table) = 1 # OK
# Step 4: iteration select
cte_result: 1 | working_table: 1 | intermediate_table: 2
# Step 5: iteration merge
cte_result: 1, 2 | working_table: 1 | intermediate_table: 2
# Step 6: iteration end
cte_result: 1, 2 | working_table: 2 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 3: iteration test
count(working_table) = 1 # OK
# Step 4: iteration select
cte_result: 1, 2 | working_table: 2 | intermediate_table: 3
# Step 5: iteration merge
cte_result: 1, 2, 3 | working_table: 2 | intermediate_table: 3
# Step 6: iteration end
cte_result: 1, 2, 3 | working_table: 3 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# … 97 more iterations and you get this state
cte_result: 1, 2, …, 100 | working_table: 100 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 3: iteration test
count(working_table) = 1 # OK
# Step 4: iteration select, the iteration query does not return any rows due to the WHERE clause
cte_result: 1, 2, …, 100 | working_table: 100 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 5: iteration merge, nothing is merged into the cte_result
cte_result: 1, 2, …, 100 | working_table: 100 | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 6: iteration end
cte_result: 1, 2, …, 100 | working_table: EMPTY | intermediate_table: EMPTY
# Step 3: iteration test
count(working_table) = 0 # STOP
# Step 7: return
cte_result: 1, 2, …, 100
所以 CTE 的结果是从 1 到 100 的所有数字。