很遗憾，无法使用start 命令指定您希望启动的程序类型。它将根据文件的扩展名启动默认的关联程序，并且您将受到用户对 .html 文件文件关联的可疑选择的命运的摆布。如果您想确保您的文件只能由 Web 浏览器而不是由文本编辑器打开，那么最好将 URL 传递到 start 而不是文件系统位置。使用 http 地址作为 start 的参数应该保证打开该位置的东西是网络浏览器。
无需依赖第三方二进制文件即可通过 http 提供 .html 文件。使用 .Net 方法来创建一个基本的 Web 服务器并通过 localhost 将网页提供回服务并不是非常困难的。这样你就可以start "" "http://localhost:port/"，如果你的用户搞砸了他们的文件关联，你就有更好的机会避免在文本编辑器中打开文件。
将以下巫术另存为 .bat 脚本，根据需要调整 html 文件名和位置，然后试一试。
<# : httptest.bat -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/53689025/1683264
@echo off & setlocal
if exist test.html call :display test.html
goto :EOF
:display <htmlfile>
setlocal
set "infile=%~f1"
powershell -noprofile "iex (${%~f0} | out-string)"
endlocal & exit /b
: end Batch / begin PowerShell polyglot code #>
$tcpClient = new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
while ($port = get-random -min 1024 -max 65535) {
try {$tcpClient.Connect("localhost", $port)}
catch {$tcpClient.Dispose(); break}
}
$endpoint = new-object Net.IPEndPoint([Net.IPAddress]::Any, $port)
$listener = new-object Net.Sockets.TcpListener $endpoint
$listener.start()
cmd /c start "" "http://localhost:$($port)/"
$client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient()
$stream = $client.GetStream()
if ($stream.CanRead) {
[void]$stream.read((new-object byte[] 1024), 0, 1024);
}
if ($stream.CanWrite) {
$content = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK`n`n$(gc $env:infile)"
$out = [text.encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($content)
$stream.write($out, 0, $out.length)
}
$stream.close()
$stream.dispose()
$listener.stop()
作为附带的好处，通过 http 提供您的 html 可以帮助您避免一些浏览器的安全问题，阻止 JavaScript 从 file:/// URL 执行。
如果您想包含其他引用的文件，例如图像、css 文件、源 JavaScript 文件等，那么这确实有点棘手。这是一个更全面的示例，它最多侦听初始 http 请求 60 秒，然后在浏览器请求它们时继续提供相对路径来源的文件，直到 5 秒内没有收到任何请求。它应该正确地宣布图像和其他来源文件的 mime 类型。如果您需要更长的超时时间，请更改底部附近的 serve-content 5 行。
<# : httptest2.bat -- https://stackoverflow.com/a/53689025/1683264
@echo off & setlocal
if exist "%~1" (call :display "%~1") else goto usage
goto :EOF
:usage
echo Usage: %~nx0 htmlfile
exit /b
:display <htmlfile>
setlocal
set "infile=%~f1"
powershell -noprofile "iex (${%~f0} | out-string)"
endlocal & exit /b
: end Batch / begin PowerShell polyglot code #>
Add-Type -as System.Web
$rootpath = (get-item $env:infile).DirectoryName
$filename = (get-item $env:infile).Name
$webname = [Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($filename)
$tcpClient = new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
while ($port = get-random -min 1024 -max 65535) {
try {$tcpClient.Connect("localhost", $port)}
catch {$tcpClient.Dispose(); break}
}
cmd /c start "" "http://localhost:$($port)/$webname"
function log($polarity, $txt) {
$color = (("red","darkgray"),("green","white"))[$polarity]
write-host -nonewline "[" -f $color[1]
write-host -nonewline "*" -f $color[0]
write-host "] $txt" -f $color[1]
}
function serve-content($seconds) {
$timer = (get-date).AddSeconds($seconds)
while (!$listener.Pending()) {
start-sleep -milliseconds 10
if ((get-date) -ge $timer) { return $false }
}
$client = $listener.AcceptTcpClient()
$stream = $client.GetStream()
if ($stream.CanRead) {
$request = new-object byte[] 1024
$size = $stream.read($request, 0, $request.length)
$headers = [text.encoding]::UTF8.GetString($request, 0, $size)
if ($stream.CanWrite) {
$loc = $headers.split("`r?`n")[0] -replace "^\S+\s+|\s+HTTP/\d.+$"
$loc = $loc -replace "^/", "$rootpath/" -replace "/", "\"
$loc = [Web.HttpUtility]::UrlDecode($loc)
if ($loc) {
if (!(test-path $loc -type leaf)) {
$loc = [Web.HttpUtility]::UrlDecode($loc)
}
if (test-path $loc -type leaf) {
$response = ,"HTTP/1.1 200 OK"
$mime = [Web.MimeMapping]::GetMimeMapping($loc)
$response += ,"Content-Type: $mime"
$response += ,"Content-Length: $((gi $loc).length)","",""
$out = [text.encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes(($response -join "`n"))
[byte[]]$body = gc $loc -enc byte
$out += $body
$stream.write($out, 0, $out.length)
log $true $loc
}
else {
$response = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found","",@"
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Error 404</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Not Found</h3>
<p>The requested resource could not be located.</p>
</body>
</html>
"@
$out = [text.encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes(($response -join "`n"))
$stream.write($out, 0, $out.length)
log $false $loc
}
}
}
}
$stream.close()
$stream.dispose()
$client.close()
return $true
}
$endpoint = new-object Net.IPEndPoint([Net.IPAddress]::Any, $port)
$listener = new-object Net.Sockets.TcpListener $endpoint
$listener.start()
[void](serve-content 60)
while ((serve-content 5)) {}
$listener.stop()