bash 复制文件，其中某些文件名未知答案

【问题标题】：bash copy file where some of the filename is not knownbash 复制文件，其中某些文件名未知
【发布时间】：2013-03-07 00:16:42
【问题描述】：

在 bash 脚本中，我想复制一个文件，但文件名会随着时间而改变。但是，文件名的开头和结尾将保持不变。

有没有办法让我得到这样的文件：

  cp start~end.jar

~可以是什么？

cp 命令将在 ubuntu 机器上运行一个 bash 脚本，如果这有所作为的话。

【问题讨论】：

标签： bash

【解决方案1】：

glob (start*end) 将为您提供所有匹配的文件。

查看 bash 手册的 Expansion > Pathname Expansion > Pattern Matching 部分以获得更具体的控制

   *      Matches any string, including the null string.
   ?      Matches any single character.
   [...]  Matches any one of the enclosed characters.  A pair of characters separated by a hyphen denotes a range expression; any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using the current locale's collat-
          ing sequence and character set, is matched.  If the first character following the [ is a !  or a ^ then any character not enclosed is matched.  The sorting order of characters in range expressions  is  determined  by
          the  current locale and the value of the LC_COLLATE shell variable, if set.  A - may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set.  A ] may be matched by including it as the first character in
          the set.

如果你启用extglob:

  ?(pattern-list)
         Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
  *(pattern-list)
         Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
  +(pattern-list)
         Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
  @(pattern-list)
         Matches one of the given patterns
  !(pattern-list)
         Matches anything except one of the given patterns

【讨论】：

一点建议；尝试使模式尽可能具体，以避免匹配比预期更多的文件。例如，如果您知道中间部分是 YYYY-MM-DD 格式的时间戳，则更喜欢 start-????-??-??-end.jar 而不是 start*end.jar。或者更好，start-@(19|20)[0-9][0-9]-@([1-9]|10|11|12)-@([1-9]|1[1-9]|2[1-9]|3[01]-end.jar。

【解决方案2】：

使用glob 捕获变量文本：

cp start*end.jar

【讨论】：