如何使用 python 日志记录的 SMTPHandler 和 SSL 发送电子邮件

Question

我正在开发一个烧瓶应用程序，我想在其中将错误级别日志记录发送到电子邮件地址。我尝试设置典型的错误处理程序：

mail_handler = SMTPHandler(mailhost=(app.config['MAIL_SERVER'], app.config['MAIL_PORT']),
                           fromaddr=app.config['MAIL_FROM_EMAIL'],
                           toaddrs=['me@my_address.com'],
                           subject='The server died. That sucks... :(',
                           credentials=(app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'], app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD']))

请注意，配置值是使用 flask-mail 设置的，MAIL_USE_SSL=True 和 MAIL_PORT=465。

但是，在调用错误时（在测试期间故意）我收到套接字超时错误 - 除了端口之外，我看不到如何告诉处理程序使用 SSL。可以传递一个 secure=() 参数（请参阅 the SMTPHandler docs），但它指定我们使用 TLS，而不是 SSL。

任何线索如何做到这一点？谢谢！

Answer 1

编辑 - 查看帖子底部了解更多最新代码

感谢Ned Deily 指出 smtplib（位于 SMTPHandler 下）需要特殊处理。我还发现this post 演示了如何通过重载 SMTPHandler（在这种情况下修复 TLS 问题）来做到这一点。

使用smtplib.SMTP_SSL (see smtplib docs)，而不是简单的smtplib.SMTP，我能够让整个系统正常工作。这是我用来设置处理程序的 utils/logs.py 文件（这应该是一个很好的文件示例，以及电子邮件、处理程序）：

from your.application.file import app

import smtplib
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler, SMTPHandler


# Provide a class to allow SSL (Not TLS) connection for mail handlers by overloading the emit() method
class SSLSMTPHandler(SMTPHandler):
    def emit(self, record):
        """
        Emit a record.
        """
        try:
            port = self.mailport
            if not port:
                port = smtplib.SMTP_PORT
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mailhost, port)
            msg = self.format(record)
            if self.username:
                smtp.login(self.username, self.password)
            smtp.sendmail(self.fromaddr, self.toaddrs, msg)
            smtp.quit()
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
            raise
        except:
            self.handleError(record)


# Create file handler for error/warning/info/debug logs
file_handler = RotatingFileHandler('logs/app.log', maxBytes=1*1024*1024, backupCount=100)

# Apply format to the log messages
formatter = logging.Formatter("[%(asctime)s] |  %(levelname)s | {%(pathname)s:%(lineno)d} | %(message)s")
file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)

# Set the level according to whether we're debugging or not
if app.debug:
    file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
else:
    file_handler.setLevel(logging.WARN)

# Create equivalent mail handler
mail_handler = SSLSMTPHandler(mailhost=(app.config['MAIL_SERVER'], app.config['MAIL_PORT']),
                           fromaddr=app.config['MAIL_FROM_EMAIL'],
                           toaddrs='my@emailaddress.com',
                           subject='Your app died. Sad times...',
                           credentials=(app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'], app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD']))

# Set the email format
mail_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('''
Message type:       %(levelname)s
Location:           %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d
Module:             %(module)s
Function:           %(funcName)s
Time:               %(asctime)s

Message:

%(message)s
'''))

# Only email errors, not warnings
mail_handler.setLevel(logging.ERROR)

这是在我的应用程序文件中注册的：

# Register the handlers against all the loggers we have in play
# This is done after app configuration and SQLAlchemy initialisation, 
# drop the sqlalchemy if not using - I thought a full example would be helpful.
import logging
from .utils.logs import mail_handler, file_handler
loggers = [app.logger, logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy'), logging.getLogger('werkzeug')]
for logger in loggers:
    logger.addHandler(file_handler)
    # Note - I added a boolean configuration parameter, MAIL_ON_ERROR, 
    # to allow direct control over whether to email on errors. 
    # You may wish to use 'if not app.debug' instead.
    if app.config['MAIL_ON_ERROR']:
        logger.addHandler(mail_handler)

编辑：

评论者@EduGord 无法正确发出记录。 深入挖掘，基础 SMTPHandler 类发送消息的方式与 3 多年前不同。

这个更新的emit() 方法应该可以正确格式化消息：

from email.message import EmailMessage
import email.utils
class SSLSMTPHandler(SMTPHandler):

    def emit(self, record):
        """
        Emit a record.
        """
        try:
            port = self.mailport
            if not port:
                port = smtplib.SMTP_PORT
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.mailhost, port)
            msg = EmailMessage()
            msg['From'] = self.fromaddr
            msg['To'] = ','.join(self.toaddrs)
            msg['Subject'] = self.getSubject(record)
            msg['Date'] = email.utils.localtime()
            msg.set_content(self.format(record))
            if self.username:
                smtp.login(self.username, self.password)
            smtp.send_message(msg, self.fromaddr, self.toaddrs)
            smtp.quit()
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
            raise
        except:
            self.handleError(record)

希望这对某人有所帮助！