iOS - 如何使用来自 NIB 的特定 Frame 初始化自定义 UIView

Question

我想知道用特定框架初始化自定义 UIView 的最简洁方法是什么。

UIView 是根据 XIB 文件设计的。

这是我的实现：

class CustomView : UIView {

    @IBOutlet var outletLabel: UILabel!

    public required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        setupView()
    }

    public override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setupView()
    }

    private func setupView() {

        // Set text for labels
    }
}

这是我想在我的 ViewController 中初始化它的方式：

let screenSize: CGRect = UIScreen.main.bounds
let screenWidth = screenSize.width
let frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: screenWidth - 50, height: 70)

let customView = CustomView.init(frame: frame)

但它不起作用，我有一个没有任何插座的白色 UIView。

如果我这样做：

// Extension to UIView to load Nib
let customView : CustomView = UIView.fromNib()

我可以从XIB 文件中看到我的view，它的宽度/高度在Interface Builder 中使用。

我想从XIB 文件中加载view 的具体框架是什么？

我是否遗漏了一些关于初始化的内容？

Answer 1

你可以有一个 NibLoading 类，比如：

// NibLoadingView.swift
//source:https://gist.github.com/winkelsdorf/16c481f274134718946328b6e2c9a4d8
import UIKit

// Usage: Subclass your UIView from NibLoadView to automatically load a xib with the same name as your class

@IBDesignable
class NibLoadingView: UIView {

    @IBOutlet weak var view: UIView!

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        nibSetup()
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        nibSetup()
    }

    private func nibSetup() {
        backgroundColor = .clear

        view = loadViewFromNib()
        view.frame = bounds
        view.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = true

        addSubview(view)
    }



    private func loadViewFromNib() -> UIView {
        let bundle = Bundle(for: type(of:self))
        let nib = UINib(nibName: String(describing: type(of:self)), bundle: bundle)
        let nibView = nib.instantiate(withOwner: self, options: nil).first as! UIView
        nibView.anchorAllEdgesToSuperview()
        return nibView
    }

}

extension UIView {
    func anchorAllEdgesToSuperview() {
        self.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        if #available(iOS 9.0, *) {
            addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (superview?.topAnchor)!))
            addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (superview?.leftAnchor)!))
            addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (superview?.bottomAnchor)!))
            addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: (superview?.rightAnchor)!))
        }
        else {
            for attribute : NSLayoutAttribute in [.left, .top, .right, .bottom] {
                anchorToSuperview(attribute: attribute)
            }
        }
    }

    func anchorToSuperview(attribute: NSLayoutAttribute) {
        addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: NSLayoutConstraint(item: self, attribute: attribute, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: superview, attribute: attribute, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0.0))
    }

    func addSuperviewConstraint(constraint: NSLayoutConstraint) {
        superview?.addConstraint(constraint)
    }
}

然后您的视图将继承 NibLoadingClass，如：

class YourUIView: NibLoadingView {
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }
}

在 File's Owner 中设置您的 XIB 类，例如： 在这种情况下，它将是YourUIView

然后实例化它：

let myView = YourUIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: self.view.frame.size.width-60, height: 170))

Answer 2

您可以像这样创建自定义类...

import UIKit

class CustomView: UIView {

class func mainView() -> CustomView {
    let nib = UINib(nibName: "nib", bundle: nil)
    let view = nib.instantiate(withOwner: self, options: nil).first as! CustomView
    return view
}

override init(frame: CGRect) {
    super.init(frame: frame)
    let view = CustomView.mainView()
    view.frame = frame
}

required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
    fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
}


}

在你想要的地方初始化视图...

let view = CustomView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100))
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
self.view.addSubview(view)