我的数据库中有一个视图，有人用一个表中的 * 定义。我刚刚在该表中添加了一个新列，我希望视图能够反映新列。除了重新执行视图创建脚本之外，还有另一种重建视图的方法吗？我正在寻找类似于 sp_recompile 如何重新编译存储过程（或更准确地标记它以在下次调用时对其进行编译）。
更新：我尝试在视图上调用 sp_recompile，虽然调用有效，但它并没有重建视图。
更新 2：我希望能够从脚本中执行此操作。因此，将列添加到表中的脚本也可以更新视图。所以就像我说的，类似于 sp_recompile。
【问题讨论】：
标签： sql sql-server tsql sql-server-2008 view
我相信你正在寻找的是
sp_refreshview [ @viewname = ] 'viewname'
更新指定的元数据 非模式绑定视图。执着的 视图的元数据可以变成 因更改而过时 视图所依据的基础对象 取决于。
【讨论】：
为了重建 SQL Server 数据库的所有视图，您可以使用以下脚本：
DECLARE @view_name AS NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE views_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' +TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'VIEW'
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(TABLE_NAME), 'IsMsShipped') = 0
ORDER BY TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME
OPEN views_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS <> -1)
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY
EXEC sp_refreshview @view_name;
PRINT @view_name;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
PRINT 'Error during refreshing view "' + @view_name + '".';
END CATCH;
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
END
CLOSE views_cursor;
DEALLOCATE views_cursor;
这是对this blog posting 稍作修改的版本。它也使用sp_refreshview stored procedure。
【讨论】：
你可以使用这个sp：
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.RefreshViews
@dbName nvarchar(100) = null
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @p nvarchar(250) = '@sql nvarchar(max) out'
DECLARE @q nvarchar(1000)
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max)
if @dbName is null
select @dbName = DB_NAME()
SELECT @q = 'SELECT @sql = COALESCE(@sql + '' '', '''') + ''EXEC sp_refreshview ''''[' + @dbName + '].['' + TABLE_SCHEMA + ''].['' + TABLE_NAME + '']'''';''
FROM [' + @dbName + '].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Views '
EXEC sp_executesql @q , @p ,@sql out
EXEC sp_executesql @sql
END
GO
【讨论】：
这是我最喜欢的脚本（我修改了一个旧的 sp_exec 检查脚本），它使用 EXEC sp_refreshsqlmodule @name
SET NOCOUNT ON;
-- Set ViewOnly to 1 to view missing EXECUTES. Set to 0 to correct missing EXECUTEs
DECLARE
@ViewOnly INT; SET @ViewOnly = 0;
-- Role to set execute permission on.
DECLARE
@ROLE sysname ; set @ROLE = QUOTENAME('spexec');
DECLARE
@ID INT,
@LAST_ID INT,
@NAME NVARCHAR(2000),
@SQL NVARCHAR(2000);
DECLARE @Permission TABLE (
id INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
spName NVARCHAR(2000),
object_type NVARCHAR(2000),
roleName NVARCHAR(2000),
permission NVARCHAR(2000),
state NVARCHAR(2000)
)
--Initialise the loop variable
SET @LAST_ID = 0
--Get all the stored procs into a temp table.
WHILE @LAST_ID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Get next lowest value
SELECT @ID = MIN(object_id)
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id > @LAST_ID
-- Looking for Stored Procs, Scalar, Table and Inline Functions
AND type IN ('P','FN','IF','TF','AF','FS','FT','PC', 'V')
SET @LAST_ID = @ID
IF @ID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @Permission
SELECT o.name,
o.type_desc,
r.name,
p.permission_name,
p.state_desc
FROM sys.objects AS o
LEFT outer JOIN sys.database_permissions AS p
ON p.major_id = o.object_id
LEFT OUTER join sys.database_principals r
ON p.grantee_principal_id = r.principal_id
WHERE o.object_id = @ID
AND o.type IN ('P','FN','IF','TF','AF','FS','FT','PC', 'V')
--Exclude special stored procs, which start with dt_...
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'dt_%'
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'sp_%'
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'fn_%'
END
END
--GRANT the Permissions, only if the viewonly is off.
IF ISNULL(@ViewOnly,0) = 0
BEGIN
--Initialise the loop variable
SET @LAST_ID = 0
WHILE @LAST_ID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Get next lowest value
SELECT @ID = MIN(id)
FROM @Permission
WHERE roleName IS NULL
AND id > @LAST_ID
SET @LAST_ID = @ID
IF @ID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @NAME = spName
FROM @Permission
WHERE id = @ID
PRINT 'EXEC sp_refreshsqlmodule ' + @NAME
-- Build the DCL to do the GRANT
SET @SQL = 'sp_refreshsqlmodule [' + @NAME + ']'
-- Run the SQL Statement you just generated
EXEC (@SQL)
END
END
--Reselect the now changed permissions
SELECT o.name,
o.type_desc,
r.name,
p.permission_name,
p.state_desc
FROM sys.objects AS o
LEFT outer JOIN sys.database_permissions AS p
ON p.major_id = o.object_id
LEFT OUTER join sys.database_principals r
ON p.grantee_principal_id = r.principal_id
WHERE o.type IN ('P','FN','IF','TF','AF','FS','FT','PC', 'V')
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'dt_%'
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'sp_%'
AND NOT o.name LIKE 'fn_%'
ORDER BY o.name
END
ELSE
BEGIN
--ViewOnly: select the stored procs which need EXECUTE permission.
SELECT *
FROM @Permission
WHERE roleName IS NULL
END
【讨论】：
sp_refreshview 似乎不可靠！当我使用来自 Uwe Keim/BogdanRB 的代码时，即使视图没有无效引用，我也会遇到很多错误！以下代码对我有用（确定架构更改后哪个视图无效）：
DECLARE @view_name AS NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE @Query AS NVARCHAR(600);
SET @Query = '';
DECLARE views_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DISTINCT ('[' + SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) + '].[' + name + ']') AS Name FROM sys.views
OPEN views_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS <> -1)
BEGIN
EXEC sp_recompile @view_name;
SELECT @Query = 'SELECT ''' + @view_name + ''' AS Name, COUNT(*) FROM ' + @view_name + ' AS Count; ';
EXEC (@Query);
-- PRINT @view_name;
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
END
CLOSE views_cursor;
DEALLOCATE views_cursor;
【讨论】：
稍作修改的脚本，刷新所有视图，调用 sp_recompile、sp_refresh 并从 sys.views 获取列表：
DECLARE @view_name AS NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE views_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT DISTINCT name from sys.views
OPEN views_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS <> -1)
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY
EXEC sp_recompile @view_name;
EXEC sp_refreshview @view_name;
PRINT @view_name;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
PRINT 'Error during refreshing view "' + @view_name + '".';
END CATCH;
FETCH NEXT FROM views_cursor
INTO @view_name
END
CLOSE views_cursor;
DEALLOCATE views_cursor;
【讨论】：
除了 Cory 的回答，您还可以使用架构绑定和完整的列列表正确定义它。
CREATE VIEW MyView
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
SELECT
col1, col2, col3, ..., coln
FROM
MyTable
GO
【讨论】：
右键单击视图并从弹出菜单中选择刷新？
【讨论】：