Typescript：通用对象映射函数

Question

对于以下类似于[].map但针对对象的函数

function mapObject(f, obj) {
  return Object.keys(obj).reduce((ret, key) => {
    ret[key] = f(obj[key])
    return ret
  }, {})
}

有没有办法输入它以便以下工作？

interface InputType {
  numberValue: number
  stringValue: string
}

interface OutputType {
  numberValue: string
  stringValue: number
}

const input: InputType = {
  numberValue: 5,
  stringValue: "bob@gmail.com",
}

function applyChanges(input: number): string
function applyChanges(input: string): number
function applyChanges(input: number | string): number | string {
  return typeof input === "number" ? input.toString() : input.length
}

const output: OutputType = mapObject(applyChanges, input) // <-- How to get the correct 'OutputType'

这可行，但非常特定于 applyChanges 函数

type MapObject<T> = {
  [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends number
    ? string
    : T[K] extends string ? number : never
}

function mapObject<F extends FunctionType, T>(f: F, obj: T): MapObject<T>

有没有更通用的解决方案？

Answer 1

typescript 2.1 release notes中有签名。

结合你的代码，我最终得到：

function mapObject<K extends string, T, U>(obj: Record<K, T>, f: (x: T) => U): Record<K, U> {
    return Object.keys(obj).reduce((ret, key) => {
        const k = key as K;
        ret[k] = f(obj[k]);
        return ret
    }, {} as Record<K, U>)
}

Answer 2

可以，可以用一个lambda类型来描述f的输入和输出的类型，然后加一个约束，f的输入类型，这里叫A，必须是obj 类型的值的类型，有些晦涩地称为O[keyof O]

function mapObject<A extends O[keyof O], B, O>(f: (a: A) => B, obj: O) {
  return Object.keys(obj).reduce((ret, key) => {
    ret[key] = f(obj[key])
    return ret
  }, {})
}

按照here的建议，您可以在使用 keyof 时引入类型别名以提高可读性：

type valueof<T> = T[keyof T]

Answer 3

您将需要higher-kinded types 来正确描述mapObject 执行的类型转换，该转换由f 执行。如果你使用我最喜欢的迷你库来伪造更高种类的类型，你可以这样设置：

// Matt's mini "type functions" library

const INVARIANT_MARKER = Symbol();
type Invariant<T> = { [INVARIANT_MARKER](t: T): T };

interface TypeFuncs<C, X> {}

const FUN_MARKER = Symbol();
type Fun<K extends keyof TypeFuncs<{}, {}>, C> = Invariant<[typeof FUN_MARKER, K, C]>;

const BAD_APP_MARKER = Symbol();
type BadApp<F, X> = Invariant<[typeof BAD_APP_MARKER, F, X]>;
type App<F, X> = [F] extends [Fun<infer K, infer C>] ? TypeFuncs<C, X>[K] : BadApp<F, X>;

// Scenario

// https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/26242 will make this better.    
function mapObject<F, B>() {
  return function <O extends { [P in keyof O]: B }>
    (f: <X extends B>(arg: X) => App<F, X>, obj: O): {[P in keyof O]: App<F, O[P]>} {
    return Object.keys(obj).reduce((ret, key) => {
      const key2 = <keyof O>key;
      ret[key2] = f(obj[key2])
      return ret
    }, <{[P in keyof O]: App<F, O[P]>}>{})
  };
}

const F_applyChanges = Symbol();
type F_applyChanges = Fun<typeof F_applyChanges, never>;
interface TypeFuncs<C, X> { 
  [F_applyChanges]: X extends number ? string : X extends string ? number : never;
}

// Take advantage of the lax checking of overload signatures.  With
// https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/24085, we may be able
// to type check the body of applyChanges based on the first signature.
function applyChanges<X extends number | string>(input: X): App<F_applyChanges, X>
function applyChanges(input: number | string): number | string {
  return typeof input === "number" ? input.toString() : input.length;
}

interface InputType {
  numberValue: number
  stringValue: string
}

interface OutputType {
  numberValue: string
  stringValue: number
}

const input: InputType = {
  numberValue: 5,
  stringValue: "bob@gmail.com",
}

const output: OutputType = mapObject<F_applyChanges, number | string>()
  (applyChanges, input);