带有程序生成波形的音频点击

Question

最新更新：wave 文件构造不正确！谢谢夹克！

更新：现在可以正确构建波形文件，并且在使用 playSync() 时仍然会发生点击。将波形加载到波形编辑器中，它们的外观和声音都很好。

我的程序中的音频有问题。播放结束时有一个咔哒声。我在 VS 2013 中使用 vb.net。

该程序的目标是播放莫尔斯电码，以便用户学习。好声音是必须的。在传输莫尔斯电码的收音机上，音/哔声的开始和结束有一个 5 毫秒的斜坡，以消除接收收音机中刺耳的爆裂声和咔嗒声。我希望这个程序的音频能够模拟它，所以我在正弦波的生成中添加了一个“斜坡”。大多数听众会听到 400 到 1000 Hz 之间的莫尔斯音。

我相信代码中应该有足够多的 cmets 来理解发生了什么。我不是程序员。

wave 以内存流的形式生成并通过 player = system.media.player 传递给 system.media.player，然后使用 player.stream = ditstream 设置流（ditstream 是波形格式音频）然后播放player.playsync().

我在生成的波的末尾添加了零，这有点帮助。

这是生成波形的代码：

Function createWave(ByRef genStream As MemoryStream, ByVal frequency As UInt16, ByVal msDuration As Integer, _
                    Optional msRamp As Integer = 5, Optional ByVal volume As UInt16 = 16383) ' 16383
    'set variables
    Dim writer As New BinaryWriter(genStream)
    Dim TAU As Double = 2 * Math.PI
    Dim formatChunkSize As Integer = 16
    Dim headerSize As Integer = 8
    Dim formatType As Short = 1
    Dim tracks As Short = 1
    Dim samplesPerSecond As Integer = 44100
    Dim bitsPerSample As Short = 16
    Dim frameSize As Short = CShort(tracks * ((bitsPerSample + 7) \ 8))
    Dim bytesPerSecond As Integer = samplesPerSecond * frameSize
    Dim waveSize As Integer = 4
    Dim samples As Integer = CInt(Math.Truncate(CType(samplesPerSecond, [Decimal]) * msDuration \ 1000))   'removed /1000 from both
    Dim rampSamples As Integer = CInt(Math.Truncate(CType(samplesPerSecond, [Decimal]) * msRamp \ 1000))   'number of samples for ramp
    Dim fullSamples As Integer = samples - (rampSamples * 2)         'number of samples at full amplitude
    Dim dataChunkSize As Integer = samples * frameSize
    Dim fileSize As Integer = waveSize + headerSize + formatChunkSize + headerSize + dataChunkSize
    ' var encoding = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
    writer.Write(&H46464952) ' = encoding.GetBytes("RIFF")
    writer.Write(fileSize)
    writer.Write(&H45564157) ' = encoding.GetBytes("WAVE")
    writer.Write(&H20746D66) ' = encoding.GetBytes("fmt ")
    writer.Write(formatChunkSize)
    writer.Write(formatType)
    writer.Write(tracks)
    writer.Write(samplesPerSecond)
    writer.Write(bytesPerSecond)
    writer.Write(frameSize)
    writer.Write(bitsPerSample)
    writer.Write(&H61746164) ' = encoding.GetBytes("data")
    writer.Write(dataChunkSize)
    Dim theta As Double = frequency * TAU / CDbl(samplesPerSecond - 1)
    ' 'volume' is UInt16 with range 0 thru Uint16.MaxValue ( = 65 535)
    ' we need 'amp' to have the range of 0 thru Int16.MaxValue ( = 32 767)
    Dim amp As Double = volume >> 2 ' so we simply set amp = volume / 2
    Dim rampAmp As Double = 0

    'create amplification ramp of wave  for number of ramp samples (duration of msRamp)
    For [step] As Integer = 0 To rampSamples - 1
        rampAmp = [step] / rampSamples
        Dim s As Short = CShort(Math.Truncate((amp) * Math.Sin(theta * CDbl([step]))))
        s = s * rampAmp
        writer.Write(s)
        'Debug.Print("Step :" & [step] & " Ramp at beginning: " & rampAmp & " S Value :" & s)
    Next [step]

    amp = volume >> 2 
    ' create regular amplitude wave for full duration minus ending ramp
    For [step] As Integer = rampSamples To fullSamples - 1 
        Dim s As Short = CShort(Math.Truncate(amp * Math.Sin(theta * CDbl([step]))))
        writer.Write(s)
        'Debug.Print("Step: " & [step] & "  Full Amp sample : " & s)
    Next [step]

更新：以下这部分不再是问题！ ================================================ ==================================== 下面的这个程序会导致正弦波失真！

        'create ending ramp amplfication from full volume to 0
        For [step] As Integer = (rampSamples + fullSamples) To (((2 * rampSamples) + fullSamples - 1))   'removed -1 for testing (((2 * rampSamples) + fullSamples -1))
            rampAmp = CDbl((rampSamples + fullSamples + rampSamples - [step]) / rampSamples)
            Dim s As Short = CShort(Math.Truncate((amp) * Math.Sin(theta * CDbl([step]))))
            s = s * rampAmp
            'debug statement
            'Debug.Print("Step: " & [step] & "   RampAmp at ending : " & rampAmp & "  S value : " & s)
            Debug.Print("Step : " & [step] & "  Value : " & s & vbCrLf)
            writer.Write(s)
            If [step] = (((2 * rampSamples) + fullSamples) - 1) Then Debug.Print("End [STEP] = " & [step] & vbCrLf)
        Next [step]

============================================== =======================================

没关系……我觉得……

 'add extra zero at end for good measure
            'Dim z As Short = 0
            'writer.Write(z)
            'add some extra 0's to clean up any noise!   Cheap and dirty fix!
            For [x] = 0 To 200
                writer.Write(0)
            Next
            Debug.Print("generateWave stream length: " & genStream.Length)


            Return genStream

以下是播放代码示例：

         Sub playDit()

            ditStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
            player.Stream = ditStream
            player.PlaySync()

        End Sub 

这里是 Git 的链接： Morse Git Code

我不是程序员！只是想学习！
任何帮助删除音频点击和弹出将不胜感激！

建议会有所帮助。谢谢！

Answer 1

我查看了 dahwave.wav，并对其进行了背靠背分析。首先是波形的两个副本连接在一起时会出现故障。在第 5 个周期也有一个小故障。据推测，这是您从斜坡变为满量程波形的地方。

其次，只要波形中有尖角，就必须有可能引入咔嗒声或爆破声。由于您的坡道是一条直线，因此您在坡道的起点和终点都有一个拐角。通常，人们会为窗口使用更平滑的函数。在这种情况下，一个实用的方法是余弦平方或 hann 窗口。

要实现这一点，您只需一个循环：

For [step] As Integer = 0 To samples-1
    a = 0.5 * (1 - Math.Cos(2*Math.PI*i/CDbl(samples));
    Dim s As Short = CShort(Math.Truncate(amp * a * Math.Sin(theta * CDbl([step]))))
    writer.Write(s)
Next [step]