自动化无聊的东西：随机测验生成器

Question

我一直在关注一本教程书中的示例程序，该程序是获取一本包含所有 50 个美国州及其首府的字典，然后创建一组随机的多项选择 A-D 问题，然后这些问题将是随机和 3 个不同的测验打印到 3 个不同的文件中。然后将每个测验的所有问题的答案打印到答案文件中，以与每个问题文件一起使用。

作为测试，我现在只使用 5 的范围进行测试。当我运行该程序时，该程序按预期工作，但每次测试只创建 25 个问题/答案组合，而不是 50 个。

我已经检查了几次，但无法弄清楚这是为什么。任何意见将不胜感激，谢谢。

# randomQuizGenerator.py - Creates quizzes with questions and answers in
# random order, along with the answer key.

import random

capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
        'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
        'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
        'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
        'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
        'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
        'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
        'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
        'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
        'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
        'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
        'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
        'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
        'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
        'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
        'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
        'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}

# Generate 5 quiz files.
for quizNum in range(5):
    # Create the quiz and answer key files.
    quizFile = open('capitalsquiz%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')
    answerFile = open('capitalsquiz_answers%s.txt' % (quizNum+1), 'w')

    # Write out the header for the quiz.
    quizFile.write('Capitals Quiz #%s' % (quizNum+1) + '\nName:\nDate:\n\n')
    quizFile.write('What is the capital of:\n')
    answerFile.write('Capitals Quiz %s' % (quizNum+1) + '\n\n')

    # Shuffle the order of the states.
    states = list(capitals.keys())
    random.shuffle(states)

    # Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.
    # set question number = 0
    q_num = 0
    for st in states:
        # question number increase
        q_num += 1
        random.shuffle(states)

        # unused needed for choosing 3 incorrect options
        unusedStates = states

        # write question number and state name (QUESTION)
        quizFile.write('Q%s: ' % q_num + st + '?\n')

        # create answer options list and fill with 1 correct answer + 3 incorrect ones
        answerOptions = [None] * 3
        answerOptions.append(capitals[st])
        # remove correct answer to avoid duplication
        unusedStates.remove(st)
        for Opt in range(0, 3):
            curr_ans = unusedStates[Opt]
            answerOptions[Opt] = capitals[curr_ans]
        # randomise answer list
        random.shuffle(answerOptions)
        # write answers
        for i in range(0, 4):
            quizFile.write(answerOptions[i]+'   ')
        quizFile.write('\n')

        # write correct answer in answer file
        answerFile.write(capitals[st]+'\n')

    quizFile.close()
    answerFile.close()

Answer 1

发生这种情况的原因是您在迭代集合时正在修改集合：

states = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for st in states:
    print(st)
    states.remove(st)

这个sn-p会打印出来：

1
3
5
7
9

你尝试过的是：

unusedStates = states
unusedStates.remove(st)

但这不会复制列表。它只会为同一个列表创建另一个名称。

这是一个略有改动的版本，但我绝不是“Python pro”。

import random

capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
            'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
            'Connecticut': 'Hartford'}
states = list(capitals.keys())

random.shuffle(states)

# Loop through all 50 states, making a question for each.

for idx, state in enumerate(states):
    # use this for 1-based humans
    q_num = idx + 1

    # the 49 other states
    other_states = states[:idx] + states[idx+1:]
    # pick 3 states (guaranteed to be unique)
    answer_states = random.sample(other_states, 3)
    # add the correct one
    answer_states.append(state)

    # convert states to capitals
    answer_options = [capitals[st] for st in answer_states]

    # randomise answer list
    random.shuffle(answer_options)

    print('Question %s about %s' % (q_num, state))
    print('Options', answer_options)
    print('Correct Answer', capitals[state])
    print() #empty line

注意使用 random.sample 选择 3 个唯一选项，使用 enumerate 使用索引变量遍历列表。

还要注意使用“切片”创建一个包含 49 个元素的列表。

Answer 2

@hlfrmn 找到了密码 - 我想指出另一件事 - 使用

with open("filename.txt","w") as f:
    f.write("something")

即使您遇到异常也会自动关闭您的文件并使用执行某些任务的函数来构建它的方法。

数据定义：

capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
        'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
        'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
        'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
        'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
        'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
        'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
        'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
        'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
        'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
        'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
        'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
        'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
        'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
        'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
        'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
        'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}

和代码：

import random

def generateAllQuestions(caps):
    """Generates all questions including 3 wrong answers. Returns a list of
     [tuple(state,correct) and list of 3 wrong answers]."""
    q = []
    for state in capitals:
        # get 4 other answers 
        # remove the correct one if it is inside the random sample
        # use only 3 of them
        others = [ val for key,val in random.sample(capitals.items(),k=4) if key != state][0:3]

        # compile [tuple: (item,correct_answer),[other_answers]]
        q.append([(state,capitals[state])] + [others])

    return q

def partitionIntoNParts(n,data):
    """Takes the data and partiniones it into n random equally long (if possible)
    sublists"""
    ld = len(data)
    size_part = ld // n
    idx = 0
    random.shuffle(data)
    while idx < ld:
        yield data[idx:idx + size_part]
        idx += size_part

def writeHeader(f,a,n):
    """Write the header for Q and A file"""
    a.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\n\n")
    f.write(f"Capitals Quiz #{n+1}\nName:\nDate:\n\nWhat is the capital of:\n")

def writeQandA(f,a,q_num,q):
    """Write a single questions into Q-file and a single answer into A-file"""
    state,correct = q[0] # the tuple
    others = q[1]        # the others

    a.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : {correct}\n")
    f.write(f"{q_num+1:>3}.) {state:<14} : ")
    solutions = others + [correct]
    random.shuffle(solutions) # use sort() to always get alphabetical order
    for town in solutions:
        f.write(f"[ ] {town:<14}    ")
    f.write("\n\n")


# how many files to use?
filecount = 5

qs = generateAllQuestions(capitals)

parts = partitionIntoNParts(filecount,qs)

# write files based on partioning 
for idx,content in enumerate(parts):
    with open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}.txt","w") as quiz_file,\
        open(f"capitalsquiz{idx+1}_answers.txt","w") as answ_file:

        writeHeader(quiz_file,answ_file,idx)
        # write Q and A into file
        for q_num,q in enumerate(content):
            writeQandA(quiz_file,answ_file,q_num,q)

# check one files content:
print(open("capitalsquiz2.txt").read())
print(open("capitalsquiz2_answers.txt").read())

capitalsquiz2.txt的内容：

Capitals Quiz #2
Name:
Date:

What is the capital of:
  1.) Oklahoma       : [ ] Oklahoma City     [ ] Phoenix           [ ] Juneau            [ ] Olympia

  2.) Virginia       : [ ] Austin            [ ] Pierre            [ ] Saint Paul        [ ] Richmond

  3.) North Carolina : [ ] Raleigh           [ ] Tallahassee       [ ] Dover             [ ] Harrisburg

  4.) Montana        : [ ] Helena            [ ] Raleigh           [ ] Hartford          [ ] Madison

  5.) Alaska         : [ ] Nashville         [ ] Albany            [ ] Juneau            [ ] Lansing

  6.) Kentucky       : [ ] Charleston        [ ] Cheyenne          [ ] Frankfort         [ ] Oklahoma City

  7.) Florida        : [ ] Trenton           [ ] Pierre            [ ] Tallahassee       [ ] Honolulu

  8.) Rhode Island   : [ ] Providence        [ ] Madison           [ ] Santa Fe          [ ] Trenton

  9.) Arkansas       : [ ] Boston            [ ] Little Rock       [ ] Harrisburg        [ ] Denver

 10.) Wisconsin      : [ ] Montgomery        [ ] Pierre            [ ] Madison           [ ] Richmond

capitalsquiz2_answers.txt`的内容：

Capitals Quiz #1

  1.) Oklahoma       : Oklahoma City
  2.) Virginia       : Richmond
  3.) North Carolina : Raleigh
  4.) Montana        : Helena
  5.) Alaska         : Juneau
  6.) Kentucky       : Frankfort
  7.) Florida        : Tallahassee
  8.) Rhode Island   : Providence
  9.) Arkansas       : Little Rock
 10.) Wisconsin      : Madison

Answer 3

呵呵...我也有一些有趣的重组你的程序。也许你可以从中学到一两件事。

import random

capitals = {'Alabama': 'Montgomery', 'Alaska': 'Juneau', 'Arizona': 'Phoenix',
        'Arkansas': 'Little Rock', 'California': 'Sacramento', 'Colorado': 'Denver',
        'Connecticut': 'Hartford', 'Delaware': 'Dover', 'Florida': 'Tallahassee',
        'Georgia': 'Atlanta', 'Hawaii': 'Honolulu', 'Idaho': 'Boise', 'Illinois':
        'Springfield', 'Indiana': 'Indianapolis', 'Iowa': 'Des Moines', 'Kansas':
        'Topeka', 'Kentucky': 'Frankfort', 'Louisiana': 'Baton Rouge', 'Maine':
        'Augusta', 'Maryland': 'Annapolis', 'Massachusetts': 'Boston', 'Michigan':
        'Lansing', 'Minnesota': 'Saint Paul', 'Mississippi': 'Jackson', 'Missouri':
        'Jefferson City', 'Montana': 'Helena', 'Nebraska': 'Lincoln', 'Nevada':
        'Carson City', 'New Hampshire': 'Concord', 'New Jersey': 'Trenton',
        'New Mexico': 'Santa Fe', 'New York': 'Albany', 'North Carolina': 'Raleigh',
        'North Dakota': 'Bismarck', 'Ohio': 'Columbus', 'Oklahoma': 'Oklahoma City',
        'Oregon': 'Salem', 'Pennsylvania': 'Harrisburg', 'Rhode Island': 'Providence',
        'South Carolina': 'Columbia', 'South Dakota': 'Pierre', 'Tennessee':
        'Nashville', 'Texas': 'Austin', 'Utah': 'Salt Lake City', 'Vermont':
        'Montpelier', 'Virginia': 'Richmond', 'Washington': 'Olympia',
        'West Virginia': 'Charleston', 'Wisconsin': 'Madison', 'Wyoming': 'Cheyenne'}

quiz_answer_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}

{}
'''

quiz_file_template = '''\
Capitals Quiz #{}
Name:
Date:

What is the capital of?
{}
'''

question_template = '''\
Q{} {}?
{}
'''

def create_answer_file(path, question_id, answers):
    with open(path, 'w') as f:
        s = quiz_answer_template.format(question_id, answers)
        f.write(s)

def create_quiz_file(path, question_id, question_and_options):
    with open(path, 'w') as f:
        s = quiz_file_template.format(question_id, question_and_options)
        f.write(s)

def get_quiz(dictionary, n):
    """Based on a dictionary with key and values will return 
      1) Questions with 4 options tab-separated as a string
      2) Correct answers as a string
      """
    output = []

    states = list(dictionary.keys())
    random.shuffle(states)  
    correct_answers = [dictionary.get(i) for i in states]

    for ind, st in enumerate(states[:n], 1):
        d = dictionary.copy()
        correct_answer = d.pop(st)
        incorrect_answers = list(d.values())
        random.shuffle(incorrect_answers)  
        options = [correct_answer] + incorrect_answers[:3]
        random.shuffle(options)
        output.append(question_template.format(ind, st, '\t'.join(options)))

    return '\n'.join(output), '\n'.join(correct_answers)

for quizNum in range(1, 6):
    questions_and_options, answers = get_quiz(capitals, n=50)
    create_quiz_file(f'capitalsquiz{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, questions_and_options)
    create_answer_file(f'capitalsquiz_answers{quizNum}.txt', quizNum, answers)