这个错误确实给了我们一些关于发生了什么错误的提示，如下所示：
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Users\\Mike\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\getAttribute.js'
这实质上意味着 getAttribute.js 未在其预期位置找到。
getAttribute.js
getAttribute.js 文件在内部使用 errors 和其他关键 JavaScript 函数，如下所示：
- 元素不可选择
- 元素不可见
- cookie 域无效
- 元素坐标无效
- 元素状态无效
- 无效的选择器
- 无效的选择器
- parseInt()
- 推()
- indexOf()
- toUpperCase()
- execScript()
- 等
典型的 getAttribute.js 文件如下所示：
function(){return function(){var d=this;function f(a){return"string"==typeof a};function h(a,b){this.code=a;this.a=l[a]||m;this.message=b||"";a=this.a.replace(/((?:^|\s+)[a-z])/g,function(a){return a.toUpperCase().replace(/^[\s\xa0]+/g,"")});b=a.length-5;if(0>b||a.indexOf("Error",b)!=b)a+="Error";this.name=a;a=Error(this.message);a.name=this.name;this.stack=a.stack||""}
(function(){var a=Error;function b(){}b.prototype=a.prototype;h.b=a.prototype;h.prototype=new b;h.prototype.constructor=h;h.a=function(b,c,g){for(var e=Array(arguments.length-2),k=2;k<arguments.length;k++)e[k-2]=arguments[k];return a.prototype[c].apply(b,e)}})();var m="unknown error",l={15:"element not selectable",11:"element not visible"};l[31]=m;l[30]=m;l[24]="invalid cookie domain";l[29]="invalid element coordinates";l[12]="invalid element state";l[32]="invalid selector";l[51]="invalid selector";
l[52]="invalid selector";l[17]="javascript error";l[405]="unsupported operation";l[34]="move target out of bounds";l[27]="no such alert";l[7]="no such element";l[8]="no such frame";l[23]="no such window";l[28]="script timeout";l[33]="session not created";l[10]="stale element reference";l[21]="timeout";l[25]="unable to set cookie";l[26]="unexpected alert open";l[13]=m;l[9]="unknown command";h.prototype.toString=function(){return this.name+": "+this.message};var n;a:{var p=d.navigator;if(p){var q=p.userAgent;if(q){n=q;break a}}n=""}function r(a){return-1!=n.indexOf(a)};function t(a,b){for(var e=a.length,c=f(a)?a.split(""):a,g=0;g<e;g++)g in c&&b.call(void 0,c[g],g,a)};function v(){return r("iPhone")&&!r("iPod")&&!r("iPad")};function w(){return(r("Chrome")||r("CriOS"))&&!r("Edge")};var x=r("Opera"),y=r("Trident")||r("MSIE"),z=r("Edge"),A=r("Gecko")&&!(-1!=n.toLowerCase().indexOf("webkit")&&!r("Edge"))&&!(r("Trident")||r("MSIE"))&&!r("Edge"),aa=-1!=n.toLowerCase().indexOf("webkit")&&!r("Edge");function B(){var a=d.document;return a?a.documentMode:void 0}var C;
a:{var D="",E=function(){var a=n;if(A)return/rv\:([^\);]+)(\)|;)/.exec(a);if(z)return/Edge\/([\d\.]+)/.exec(a);if(y)return/\b(?:MSIE|rv)[: ]([^\);]+)(\)|;)/.exec(a);if(aa)return/WebKit\/(\S+)/.exec(a);if(x)return/(?:Version)[ \/]?(\S+)/.exec(a)}();E&&(D=E?E[1]:"");if(y){var F=B();if(null!=F&&F>parseFloat(D)){C=String(F);break a}}C=D}var G;var H=d.document;G=H&&y?B()||("CSS1Compat"==H.compatMode?parseInt(C,10):5):void 0;var ba=r("Firefox"),ca=v()||r("iPod"),da=r("iPad"),I=r("Android")&&!(w()||r("Firefox")||r("Opera")||r("Silk")),ea=w(),J=r("Safari")&&!(w()||r("Coast")||r("Opera")||r("Edge")||r("Silk")||r("Android"))&&!(v()||r("iPad")||r("iPod"));function K(a){return(a=a.exec(n))?a[1]:""}(function(){if(ba)return K(/Firefox\/([0-9.]+)/);if(y||z||x)return C;if(ea)return v()||r("iPad")||r("iPod")?K(/CriOS\/([0-9.]+)/):K(/Chrome\/([0-9.]+)/);if(J&&!(v()||r("iPad")||r("iPod")))return K(/Version\/([0-9.]+)/);if(ca||da){var a=/Version\/(\S+).*Mobile\/(\S+)/.exec(n);if(a)return a[1]+"."+a[2]}else if(I)return(a=K(/Android\s+([0-9.]+)/))?a:K(/Version\/([0-9.]+)/);return""})();var L,M=function(){if(!A)return!1;var a=d.Components;if(!a)return!1;try{if(!a.classes)return!1}catch(g){return!1}var b=a.classes,a=a.interfaces,e=b["@mozilla.org/xpcom/version-comparator;1"].getService(a.nsIVersionComparator),c=b["@mozilla.org/xre/app-info;1"].getService(a.nsIXULAppInfo).version;L=function(a){e.compare(c,""+a)};return!0}(),N=y&&!(8<=Number(G)),fa=y&&!(9<=Number(G));I&&M&&L(2.3);I&&M&&L(4);J&&M&&L(6);var ga={SCRIPT:1,STYLE:1,HEAD:1,IFRAME:1,OBJECT:1},O={IMG:" ",BR:"\n"};function P(a,b,e){if(!(a.nodeName in ga))if(3==a.nodeType)e?b.push(String(a.nodeValue).replace(/(\r\n|\r|\n)/g,"")):b.push(a.nodeValue);else if(a.nodeName in O)b.push(O[a.nodeName]);else for(a=a.firstChild;a;)P(a,b,e),a=a.nextSibling};function Q(a,b){b=b.toLowerCase();return"style"==b?ha(a.style.cssText):N&&"value"==b&&R(a,"INPUT")?a.value:fa&&!0===a[b]?String(a.getAttribute(b)):(a=a.getAttributeNode(b))&&a.specified?a.value:null}var ia=/[;]+(?=(?:(?:[^"]*"){2})*[^"]*$)(?=(?:(?:[^']*'){2})*[^']*$)(?=(?:[^()]*\([^()]*\))*[^()]*$)/;
function ha(a){var b=[];t(a.split(ia),function(a){var c=a.indexOf(":");0<c&&(a=[a.slice(0,c),a.slice(c+1)],2==a.length&&b.push(a[0].toLowerCase(),":",a[1],";"))});b=b.join("");return b=";"==b.charAt(b.length-1)?b:b+";"}function S(a,b){N&&"value"==b&&R(a,"OPTION")&&null===Q(a,"value")?(b=[],P(a,b,!1),a=b.join("")):a=a[b];return a}function R(a,b){b&&"string"!==typeof b&&(b=b.toString());return!!a&&1==a.nodeType&&(!b||a.tagName.toUpperCase()==b)}
function T(a){return R(a,"OPTION")?!0:R(a,"INPUT")?(a=a.type.toLowerCase(),"checkbox"==a||"radio"==a):!1};var ja={"class":"className",readonly:"readOnly"},U="async autofocus autoplay checked compact complete controls declare defaultchecked defaultselected defer disabled draggable ended formnovalidate hidden indeterminate iscontenteditable ismap itemscope loop multiple muted nohref noresize noshade novalidate nowrap open paused pubdate readonly required reversed scoped seamless seeking selected spellcheck truespeed willvalidate".split(" ");function V(a,b){var e=null,c=b.toLowerCase();if("style"==c)return(e=a.style)&&!f(e)&&(e=e.cssText),e;if(("selected"==c||"checked"==c)&&T(a)){if(!T(a))throw new h(15,"Element is not selectable");b="selected";e=a.type&&a.type.toLowerCase();if("checkbox"==e||"radio"==e)b="checked";return S(a,b)?"true":null}var g=R(a,"A");if(R(a,"IMG")&&"src"==c||g&&"href"==c)return(e=Q(a,c))&&(e=S(a,c)),e;if("spellcheck"==c){e=Q(a,c);if(null!==e){if("false"==e.toLowerCase())return"false";if("true"==e.toLowerCase())return"true"}return S(a,
c)+""}g=ja[b]||b;a:if(f(U))c=f(c)&&1==c.length?U.indexOf(c,0):-1;else{for(var u=0;u<U.length;u++)if(u in U&&U[u]===c){c=u;break a}c=-1}if(0<=c)return(e=null!==Q(a,b)||S(a,g))?"true":null;try{var k=S(a,g)}catch(ka){}(c=null==k)||(c=typeof k,c="object"==c&&null!=k||"function"==c);c?e=Q(a,b):e=k;return null!=e?e.toString():null}var W=["_"],X=d;W[0]in X||!X.execScript||X.execScript("var "+W[0]);
for(var Y;W.length&&(Y=W.shift());){var Z;if(Z=!W.length)Z=void 0!==V;Z?X[Y]=V:X[Y]&&X[Y]!==Object.prototype[Y]?X=X[Y]:X=X[Y]={}};; return this._.apply(null,arguments);}.apply({navigator:typeof window!='undefined'?window.navigator:null,document:typeof window!='undefined'?window.document:null}, arguments);}
错误原因：
如果getAttribute.js 文件未正确下载，Selenium 和 webdriver 模块可能无法正常工作。如果 Selenium 客户端 在传输或存储过程中遇到任何错误，则可能会出现此问题。
Selenium 团队 目前正在处理问题 SeleniumHQ/selenium/5378，以生成已下载的 Selenium 客户端的二进制校验和，这将帮助您避免遇到可能已经出现的错误在传输或存储过程中引入。
解决方案
到那时，解决方案将是：
-
检查 Python 是否正确安装
C:\Users\username>python
Python 3.9.0 (v3.9.0:69c0db5, Jan 31 2018, 17:54:52) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
-
确保 pip 工作正常
C:\Users\username>pip
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine
whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
-
通过pip完全卸载Selenium
C:\Users\username>pip uninstall selenium
Uninstalling selenium-3.4.2:
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\description.rst
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\installer
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\metadata
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\metadata.json
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\record
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\top_level.txt
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium-3.4.2.dist-info\wheel
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\__init__.py
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\__pycache__\__init__.cpython-36.pyc
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\common\__init__.py
.....
.....
.....
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\events.py
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\expected_conditions.py
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\select.py
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\ui.py
c:\python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\wait.py
c:\python\selenium\webdriver\firefox\amd64\x_ignore_nofocus.so
c:\python\selenium\webdriver\firefox\x86\x_ignore_nofocus.so
c:\python\selenium\webdriver\remote\getattribute.js
c:\python\selenium\webdriver\remote\isdisplayed.js
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled selenium-3.4.2
-
通过pip安装最新的Selenium
C:\Users\username>pip install -U selenium
Collecting selenium
Downloading selenium-3.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (931kB)
100% |¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦| 942kB 322kB/s
Installing collected packages: selenium
Successfully installed selenium-3.9.0
-
确认 Selenium 已安装
C:\Users\AtechM_03>pip freeze
selenium==3.9.0
-
打开一个IDE（例如Eclipse，PyCharm）并编写一个简单的程序如下：
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="C:\\path\\to\\geckodriver.exe")
driver.get('https://stackoverflow.com')