访问 Python 字典元素

Question

我想将字典中的原始输入元素保存到变量中。这是我正在做的一个示例：

accounts = {}

def accountcreater():
  accountname = raw_input("Account Name: ")
  accountpassword = raw_input("Account Password: ")
  accountUUID = 1
  accountUUID += 1
  accounts[accountname] = {"password":accountpassword,"UUID":accountUUID}

def login():
  loginusername = raw_input("Account Name: ")
  loginpassword = raw_input("Account Password: ")
  for usernames in account:
    if usernames == loginusername:
      accountpassword = accounts[usernames][???]
      accountpassword = accounts[usernames][???]
    else:
      pass

这是一个非常简单的代码示例。现在“[???]”所在的部分我不知道该放什么。我试着把这段代码：

      accountpassword = accounts[usernames][password]
      accountpassword = accounts[usernames][UUID]

但这似乎不起作用，因为它说 password 和 UUID 没有定义。然而，我似乎可以只输入[usernames]，它就可以正常工作了。有什么想法吗？

编辑

如下代码：

  accountpassword = accounts[usernames]['password']
  accountpassword = accounts[usernames]['UUID']

我也尝试将它们放入字符串中，但会引发此错误：String indices must be integers, not str。

编辑 2

这是我的完整代码，请注意它非常长且内容广泛。您唯一需要的部分将位于顶部的启动、登录和帐户功能下。

import datetime
import time
#import pickle

filesfile = "filesfiles" #File's Pickle File
accountfile = "accountsfiles" #Account's Pickle File

accounts = {} #Where accounts are put
files = {} #Where files are put

currentaccount = None #The current account the user is on

#accountsaver = open(accountfile,'r') #Restores all current accounts
#accounts = pickle.load(accountsaver)
#accountsaver.close()

#filesaver = open(filesfile,'r') #Restores all current files
#files = pickle.load(filesaver)
#filesaver.close()

def startup():
    for accountname in accounts:
        # accountpassword = accounts[accountname]['password']
        print type(accountname)
    #accountsaver = open(accountfile,'wb') #Adds a new account if there is one
    #pickle.dump(accounts, accountsaver)   
    #accountsaver.close()
    print "\n          -------------------          "
    print "          FILE SYSTEM MANAGER          "
    print "          -------------------          "
    print "\n To login type in: LOGIN"
    print " To create a new account type in: ACCOUNT"
    loginornew = raw_input("\n Please enter LOGIN or ACCOUNT: ") #Input to see where you want to go
    if loginornew.lower() == "login":
        login()
    elif loginornew.lower() == "account":
        newaccount()
    else:
        startup()

def newaccount():
    newusername = ""
    newpassword = ""
    newpasswordagain = ""
    UUID = 0 #UUID variable
    print "\n--------------------------------------------"
    print "\n Would you like to create a new account?"
    yesorno = raw_input("\n Please enter YES or NO: ") #Checks to see if user wants to create a new account
    if yesorno.lower() == "no":
        print "\n--------------------------------------------"
        startup()
    elif yesorno.lower() == "yes":
        while len(newusername) < 8: #Checks to see if username is atleast 8 characters
            newusername = raw_input("\n Username must be atleast 8 characters\n Please enter a username for your account: ")
        while len(newpassword) < 5: #Checks to see if password is atleast 5 characters
            newpassword = raw_input("\n Password must be atleast 5 characters\n Please enter a password for your account: ")
        while newpasswordagain == "": #Makes sure there is a input
            newpasswordagain = raw_input(" Please confirm the password for your account: ")
        if newpassword == newpasswordagain: #Checks to make sure the password is correct
            for username in accounts: #Loops through all usernames in acccounts
                if username.lower() == newusername.lower(): #Checks to see if the username already exists
                    print "\n Username already exists"
                    print " Please try again"
                    newaccount()
                else: #If the username is not taken and the password is correct it creates the accounts
                    pass
            UUID += 1 #Makes the current UUID number bigger by one
            accounts[newusername] = {"password":newpassword,"UUID":UUID} #Creates a new account
            print "\n Account Created"
            print "\n--------------------------------------------"
            startup() #Takes you back to startup menu
        else: #If the passwords do not match each other
            print "\n Passwords do not match"
            print " Please try again"
            newaccount()
    else:
        newaccount()

def login():
    username = ""
    password = ""
    print "\n--------------------------------------------"
    print "\n Would you like to login?"
    yesorno = raw_input("\n Please enter YES or NO: ") #Checks to see if user wants to login
    if yesorno.lower() == "no":
        print "\n--------------------------------------------"
        startup()
    elif yesorno.lower() == "yes":
        for usernames2 in accounts: #Testing Purposes
            print usernames2, #Testing Purposes
        print "" #Testing Purposes
        for usernames23 in accounts: #Testing Purposes
            for usernames3 in str(accounts[usernames23]): #Testing Purposes
                print usernames3, #Testing Purposes
        while username == "": #Makes sure there is a input
            username = raw_input("\n Please enter your username: ")
        while password == "": #Makes sure there is a input
            password = raw_input("\n Please enter your password: ")
        for usernames in accounts: #Loops through all usernames in accounts
            if username.lower() == usernames.lower(): #Checks to see if the username input equalls a username in the accounts dictionary
                accountpassword = accounts['username'][password]
                accountUUID = 0
                if password == accountpassword:
                    for accountname in accounts:
                        accountpassword = accounts[accountname]
                    print "\n Access Granted"
                    print "\n--------------------------------------------"
                    menu()
                else:
                    pass
                print "\n Access Denied"
                print "\n Please try again"
                login()
            else:
                pass
        print "\n Access Denied"
        print "\n Please try again"
        login()
    else:
        login()

def menu():
    #filesaver = open(filesfile,'wb') #Adds a new file if there is one
    #pickle.dump(files, filesaver)   
    #filesaver.close()
    print "\n          -------------------          "
    print "          FILE SYSTEM MANAGER          "
    print "          -------------------          "
    print "\n What would you like to do with your files?"
    print "   To make a new file type in: NEW"
    print "   To edit a current file type in: EDIT"
    print "   To delete a current file type in: DELETE"
    print "   To view all current files type in: ALL"
    chooser = raw_input("\n Please enter NEW, EDIT, DELETE, or ALL: ") #Input to see where you want to go
    if chooser.lower() == "new":
        newfile()
    elif chooser.lower() == "edit":
        editfiles()
    elif chooser.lower() == "delete":
        deletefiles()
    elif chooser.lower() == "all":
        allfiles()
    else:
        menu()

def newfile():
    filename = ""
    filetext = ""
    while filename == "": #Makes sure there is a input
        print "--------------------------------------------"
        filename = raw_input("\n Please input your new files name: ")
    while filetext == "":
        filetext = raw_input("\n Please input the text for your new file: ")
    filedate = datetime.date.today() #Grabs the current date
    files[filename] = {userUUID:{filedate:filetext}} #Creates a new file
    print "\n File Added"
    print "\n--------------------------------------------"
    menu()

def editfiles():
    print "--------------------------------------------"
    print " To edit a file type in: EDIT"
    print " To view all current files type in: ALLFILES"
    print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
    wheretogo = raw_input("\n Please enter EDIT, ALLFILES, or CANCEL: ")
    if wheretogo.lower() == "edit":
        print "\n To edit a file type in its name"
        print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
        print "\n **Please Note** Editing a file changes its date!"
        editname = raw_input("\n Please type in the file's name or CANCEL: ")
        if editname.lower() == "cancel":
            menu()
        else:
            newcontents = ""
            for filename in files: #Loops through all file names in files
                if filename.lower() == editname.lower():
                    print "\n What would you like this file to say?"
                    while newcontents == "":
                        newcontents = raw_input("\n Please input files new contents: ")
                    filetext = newcontents
                    filedate = datetime.date.today()
                    files[filename] = {filedate:filetext}
                    print "\n File Changed"
                    print "--------------------------------------------"
                    menu()
                else:
                    pass
            print "\n File not found!"
            editfiles()
    elif wheretogo.lower() == "allfiles":
        print "\n--------------------------------------------"
        for filename in files:
            print "File Name: " + str(filename)
        print "--------------------------------------------"
        print "\n To edit a file type in: EDIT"
        print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
        print "\n **Please Note** Editing a file changes its date!"
        wheretogo = raw_input("\n Please enter EDIT or CANCEL: ")
        if wheretogo.lower() == "edit":
            editname = raw_input("\n Please type in the file's name to edit it: ")
            newcontents = ""
            for filename in files:
                if filename.lower() == editname.lower():
                    print "\n What would you like this file to say?"
                    while newcontents == "":
                        newcontents = raw_input("\n Please input files new contents: ")
                    filetext = newcontents
                    filedate = datetime.date.today()
                    files[filename] = {filedate:filetext}
                    print "\n File Changed"
                    print "--------------------------------------------"
                    menu()
                else:
                    pass
            print "\nFile not found!"
            editfiles()
        elif wheretogo.lower() == "cancel":
            menu()
        else:
            menu()
    elif wheretogo.lower() == "cancel":
        menu()
    else:
        menu()

def deletefiles():
    print "--------------------------------------------"
    print " To delete a file type in: DELETE"
    print " To view all current files type in: ALLFILES"
    print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
    wheretogo = raw_input("\n Please enter DELETE, ALLFILES, or CANCEL: ")
    if wheretogo.lower() == "delete":
        print "\n To delete a file type in its name"
        print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
        deletename = raw_input("\n Please type in the file's name or CANCEL: ")
        if deletename.lower() == "cancel":
            menu()
        else:
            for filename in files:
                if filename.lower() == deletename.lower():
                    del files[filename]
                    print "\n File Removed"
                    print "--------------------------------------------"
                    menu()
                else:
                    pass
            print "\n File not found!"
            deletefiles()
    elif wheretogo.lower() == "allfiles":
        print "\n--------------------------------------------"
        for filename in files:
            print "File Name: " + str(filename)
        print "--------------------------------------------"
        print "\n To delete a file type in: DELETE"
        print " To cancel type in: CANCEL"
        wheretogo = raw_input("\n Please enter DELETE or CANCEL: ")
        if wheretogo.lower() == "delete":
            deletename = raw_input("\n Please type in the file's name to delete it: ")
            for filename in files:
                if filename.lower() == deletename.lower():
                    del files[filename]
                    print "\n File Removed"
                    print "--------------------------------------------"
                    menu()
                else:
                    pass
            print "\nFile not found!"
            deletefiles()
        elif wheretogo.lower() == "cancel":
            menu()
        else:
            menu()
    elif wheretogo.lower() == "cancel":
        menu()
    else:
        menu()

def allfiles():
    filetexttotal = ""
    for filename in files:
        print "\n--------------------------------------------"
        print "\nFile Name: " + str(filename)
        for filedate in files[filename]:
            print "File Date: " + str(filedate)
            for filetext in files[filename][filedate]:
                filetexttotal = filetexttotal + str(filetext)
            print "File Contents: " + str(filetexttotal)
            filetexttotal = ""
    print "\n--------------------------------------------"
    menu()

startup()

除此之外，还请注意。此代码可能有一些错误，这是一项正在进行的工作。是的，如果您想知道，这是一个文件系统！ :)

Answer 1

你需要它们作为字符串：

  accountpassword = accounts[usernames]['password']
  accountpassword = accounts[usernames]['UUID']

您使用字符串键定义了嵌套字典：

accounts[newusername] = {"password":accountpassword,"UUID":accountUUID}

因此，查找需要字符串名称。这解决了你的问题吗？

关于您最近的编辑：

听起来您的 accounts 变量不是字典，或者至少不是嵌套字典。听起来像是正在返回一个字符串，而您正在尝试对其进行索引，而不是返回一个字典。

Answer 2

您遇到的问题在这个 SO 答案中得到了解释：https://stackoverflow.com/a/18931339/2356121

你需要做的是：

for username in accounts:
    if username == loginusername:
        for account in accounts[username]
            accountpassword = account['password']
            accountuuid = account['uuid']