为什么 TomCat 8 不能在我的 Ubuntu 15.04 系统上运行？

Question

我已经使用以下命令在 Ubuntu 15.04 系统上安装了 TomCat 8：

sudo apt-get install tomcat8 tomcat8-docs tomcat8-admin tomcat8-examples

所以我知道安装目录是：

/usr/share/tomcat8/bin

所以我进入这个目录并执行这个命令来启动服务器：

sudo ./startup.sh

我得到了这个：

andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:/usr/share/tomcat8/bin$ sudo ./startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/share/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/share/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/share/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

所以我认为服务器已经启动了。

问题是，如果我尝试在浏览器中打开此 URL http://localhost:8080/，我会收到错误消息 Connection failed（我不知道它是正确的英语翻译，因为我看到的是意大利语）。

如果我尝试打开这个 URL ****http://localhost**（没有 8080 端口规范）我会获得 Apache 2 Web 服务器信息页面（我将它用于一些 PHP 网站）。

如果我尝试执行 TomCat 关机，我会收到以下错误消息：

andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:/usr/share/tomcat8/bin$ sudo ./shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/share/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/share/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/share/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/common/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/common], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/server/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/server], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/shared/classes], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory validateFile
AVVERTENZA: Problem with directory [/usr/share/tomcat8/shared], exists: [false], isDirectory: [false], canRead: [false]
lug 16, 2015 2:13:35 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina stopServer
GRAVE: Catalina.stop: 
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /usr/share/tomcat8/conf/server.xml (File o directory non esistente)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:195)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:138)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.stopServer(Catalina.java:427)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.stopServer(Bootstrap.java:400)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:487)

那么可能是什么问题？我错过了什么？我该如何尝试修复它？

Tnx

Answer 1

当您使用 apt 在 Ubuntu 中安装 Tomcat 时，它会作为服务安装。要启动和停止它，您应该使用以下命令：

sudo service tomcat8 start
sudo service tomcat8 stop

您也可以使用此命令查看其当前状态：

sudo service tomcat8 status

在尝试此操作之前，您可能需要重新启动以确保您没有在后台运行任何其他 Tomcat 进程。