签署账单的 xml 文件的格式错误的参考元素

Question

我正在开发一个程序以在 xml 中对发票进行数字签名。我遵循了本指南https://www.profissionaisti.com.br/2010/07/assinando-digitalmente-um-xml-usando-c/#comment-197297。但是，我收到错误格式错误的参考元素。 代码是：

static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //open certificates of current user
        var store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
        store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);

        //Open screen to choose certificate
        var selectedCertificate = X509Certificate2UI.SelectFromCollection(
            store.Certificates,
            "Title",
            "MSG",
            X509SelectionFlag.SingleSelection);

        //Gets the x509 object of the selected certificate
        foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in selectedCertificate)
        {
            try
            {

                //==============================
                // Start reading xml files
                //==============================
                var txtFiles = Directory.EnumerateFiles("./", "*.xml");

                foreach (string currentFile in txtFiles)
                {

                    Console.WriteLine("Reading file " + currentFile + ":");
                    var originalDoc = XDocument.Load(currentFile);
                    XmlDocument doc = DocumentExtensions.ToXmlDocument(originalDoc);

                    //==============================
                    // Start reading bills
                    //==============================

获取xml节点InfRps，这是账单在xml中的表示：

                    XmlNodeList ListInfRps = doc.GetElementsByTagName("InfRps");

                    int NodeCounter = 1;

                    foreach (XmlElement InfRps in ListInfRps)
                    {

.NET 框架的命名空间 System.Security.Cryptography.Xml 上有一个名为 SignedXml 的类，它实现了用于文档签名和签名文档验证的 W3C 标准。下面的代码启动这个类。

                        string id = InfRps.Attributes.GetNamedItem("Id").Value;
                        SignedXml signedXml = new SignedXml(InfRps);
                        signedXml.SigningKey = x509.PrivateKey;

根据美国国税局的规定，XML 必须在处理之前以规范形式放置。 Reference 类负责处理这部分过程，包括节点 infNFE 的识别和所需的转换：

                        // Transformation for DigestValue
                        Reference reference = new Reference("#" + id);
                        //Reference reference = new Reference("#" + "lote");

                        reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigEnvelopedSignatureTransform());
                        reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigC14NTransform());
                        signedXml.AddReference(reference);

在计算签名之前，我们必须配置对使用的数字证书信息的处理。基于这些数据，IRS 能够验证签名并确定在账单发送者签署后没有任何信息被修改。我们必须在证书数据中包含一个子句。

                        KeyInfo keyInfo = new KeyInfo();
                        keyInfo.AddClause(new KeyInfoX509Data(x509));
                        signedXml.KeyInfo = keyInfo;

现在，我们应该计算签名：这是错误。

                        signedXml.ComputeSignature();

如果计算签名有效，那么我们可以在 xml 上创建元素签名：

                        XmlElement xmlSignature = doc.CreateElement("Signature", "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#");

                        XmlAttribute attr = doc.CreateAttribute("Id");
                        attr.Value = "Ass_" + id;

                        //Add the attribute to the node     
                        xmlSignature.Attributes.SetNamedItem(attr);

                        XmlElement xmlSignedInfo = signedXml.SignedInfo.GetXml();
                        XmlElement xmlKeyInfo = signedXml.KeyInfo.GetXml();

                        XmlElement xmlSignatureValue = doc.CreateElement("SignatureValue", xmlSignature.NamespaceURI);
                        string signBase64 = Convert.ToBase64String(signedXml.Signature.SignatureValue);
                        XmlText text = doc.CreateTextNode(signBase64);
                        xmlSignatureValue.AppendChild(text);

                        xmlSignature.AppendChild(doc.ImportNode(xmlSignedInfo, true));
                        xmlSignature.AppendChild(xmlSignatureValue);
                        xmlSignature.AppendChild(doc.ImportNode(xmlKeyInfo, true));

                        XmlNodeList ListRps = doc.GetElementsByTagName("Rps");

                        int RpsCounter = 1;

                        foreach (XmlElement Rps in ListRps)
                        {

                            if (RpsCounter == NodeCounter)
                            {
                                Rps.AppendChild(xmlSignature);
                            }
                            RpsCounter++;
                        }

                        Console.WriteLine("Ok");
                        NodeCounter++;
                    }
                    (...)

我得到 CryptographicException: Malformed reference element:

System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Malformed reference element.
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Reference.CalculateHashValue(XmlDocument
document, CanonicalXmlNodeList refList)
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.BuildDigestedReferences()
at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.ComputeSignature()
at escolhercertificadosimples.Program.Main(String[] args) in
C:\Users\user\Do
cuments\Visual Studio
2015\Projects\assinaturalote\assinaturalote\Program.cs:line 143
Pressione qualquer tecla para continuar. . .

xml要签名的例子如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<EnviarLoteRpsEnvio xmlns="http://www.abrasf.org.br/nfse.xsd">
    <LoteRps Id="lote" versao="1.00">
        <NumeroLote>8</NumeroLote>
        <Cnpj>09419261123115</Cnpj>
        <InscricaoMunicipal>51624621</InscricaoMunicipal>
        <QuantidadeRps>1</QuantidadeRps>
        <ListaRps>
            <Rps xmlns="http://www.abrasf.org.br/nfse.xsd">
                <InfRps Id="rps:8201603150148">
                    <IdentificacaoRps>
                        <Numero>8201613150148</Numero>
                        <Serie>248</Serie>
                        <Tipo>2</Tipo>
                    </IdentificacaoRps>
                    <DataEmissao>2016-03-15T18:18:39</DataEmissao>
                    <NaturezaOperacao>1</NaturezaOperacao>
                    <OptanteSimplesNacional>2</OptanteSimplesNacional>
                    <IncentivadorCultural>2</IncentivadorCultural>
                    <Status>1</Status>
                    <Servico>
                        <Valores>
                            <ValorServicos>20.00</ValorServicos>
                            <ValorDeducoes>0.00</ValorDeducoes>
                            <ValorPis>1.60</ValorPis>
                            <ValorCofins>2.00</ValorCofins>
                            <ValorInss>0.00</ValorInss>
                            <ValorIr>3.00</ValorIr>
                            <ValorCsll>2.00</ValorCsll>
                            <IssRetido>1</IssRetido>
                            <OutrasRetencoes>0.00</OutrasRetencoes>
                            <DescontoIncondicionado>0.00</DescontoIncondicionado>
                            <DescontoCondicionado>0.00</DescontoCondicionado>
                        </Valores>
                        <ItemListaServico>1.07</ItemListaServico>
                        <CodigoTributacaoMunicipio>10700100</CodigoTributacaoMunicipio>
                        <Discriminacao>test.</Discriminacao>
                        <CodigoMunicipio>4314902</CodigoMunicipio>
                    </Servico>
                    <Prestador>
                        <Cnpj>09419261000115</Cnpj>
                        <InscricaoMunicipal>51624621</InscricaoMunicipal>
                    </Prestador>
                    <Tomador>
                        <IdentificacaoTomador>
                            <CpfCnpj>
                                <Cnpj>14525684000150</Cnpj>
                            </CpfCnpj>
                        </IdentificacaoTomador>
                        <RazaoSocial>test S.A.</RazaoSocial>
                        <Endereco>
                            <Endereco>Rua test</Endereco>
                            <Numero>83</Numero>
                            <Complemento>Sala test</Complemento>
                            <Bairro>Centro</Bairro>
                            <CodigoMunicipio>3304557</CodigoMunicipio>
                            <Uf>RJ</Uf>
                            <Cep>20091007</Cep>
                        </Endereco>
                        <Contato>
                            <Telefone>2136261100</Telefone>
                            <Email>test@test.com.br</Email>
                        </Contato>
                    </Tomador>
                </InfRps>
            </Rps>
        </ListaRps>
    </LoteRps>
</EnviarLoteRpsEnvio>

有人知道吗？任何想法都会被赞赏

Answer 1

您的 Id 值中有一个冒号 (rps:8201603150148)，这对于标识符属性是非法的。 （根据https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-id/#processing、The normalized value of the attribute is an NCName...，其中“NCName”的“NC”部分是“无冒号”）

由于 Id 值 SignedXml 中的冒号无法解析它，因此它表示您的参考指向无处。

如果您正在编写新代码并且对（技术上格式错误的）标识符属性值没有要求，最好的答案是去掉冒号（下划线通常很适合这个角色）。

由于符合 xml:id 约束可以实现最具互操作性的文档，这绝对是最佳答案。

下一个最佳答案是扩展 SignedXml 类并覆盖 GetIdElement。您应该使匹配逻辑尽可能严格。请注意，必须在签名者和接收者上都执行此逻辑......并且只有在双方都有能力接受松散的一致性文档时才有效。

internal class RpsSignedXml : SignedXml
{
    // ctors and other members as appropriate

    public override XmlElement GetIdElement(XmlDocument document, string idValue)
    {
        if (document == null)
            return null;
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(idValue))
            return null;

        if (!idValue.StartsWith("rps:"))
            return base.GetIdElement(document, idValue);

        string xPath = $"//InfRps[@Id=\"{idValue}\"]";
        XmlNodeList nodeList = document.SelectNodes(xPath);

        if (nodeList == null || nodeList.Count != 1)
            return null;

        return nodeList[0] as XmlElement;
    }
}

Answer 2

我也有类似的问题。我得到了这个例外：

Unable to resolve Uri cid:Part-0986dfc9-2748-41a4-8624-e505e98b29be.
System.Security
   at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Reference.CalculateHashValue(XmlDocument document, CanonicalXmlNodeList refList)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.BuildDigestedReferences()
   at System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.SignedXml.ComputeSignature()
   at EmpTestWeb.BL.ebXMLSigner.ComputeSig(X509Certificate2 cert, XmlDocument doc, String externalReferenceUri) in C:\Websites\TestWeb\BL\ebXMLSigner.cs:line 67
   at ASP.ebxml_aspx.GenerateHeaderXML() in c:\Websites\TestWeb\ebXML.aspx:line 227
   at ASP.ebxml_aspx.btnSubmit_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) in c:\Websites\TestWeb\ebXML.aspx:line 89

如果我尝试使用这个类也没有用：

class ebXMLSignedXml : SignedXml
{
    // ctors and other members as appropriate
    public ebXMLSignedXml(XmlDocument doc) : base(doc) { }

    public override XmlElement GetIdElement(XmlDocument document, string idValue)
    {
        if (document == null)
            return null;
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(idValue))
            return null;

        if (!idValue.StartsWith("cid:"))
            return base.GetIdElement(document, idValue);

        string xPath = $"//InfRps[@Id=\"{idValue}\"]";
        XmlNodeList nodeList = document.SelectNodes(xPath);

        if (nodeList == null || nodeList.Count != 1)
            return null;

        return nodeList[0] as XmlElement;
    }
}

它永远不会到达应该选择带有Id="cid:...."的元素的位置

解决方案

我最终传递的是内容流而不是 URI，并手动将 URI="cpa:13131312" 属性添加到生成的 XML。

Answer 3

在我的情况下，经过几天的困顿。它是 Reference.uri。我将它保存为“#1”，它不能以数字开头，我将它留在“#test”以及要签名的 XML 的 ID 中。我有它“1”，我把它放在“测试”上。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/64154967/1536197