Apt-Get 在带有代理集的 VirtualBox 中的 Win 7 上无法在公司防火墙后面工作

Question

问题

我正在尝试在 Ubuntu 虚拟机上运行 apt-get，但我不断收到连接和超时错误。我不确定是什么导致了它们，因为设置了代理。这是我的系统：

系统配置

HOST: Win 7 Enterprise, SP1 (64-bit OS)
RAM: 8 GB
CPU: Intel i5 2.6GHz
VirtualBox 4.2.12
Ubuntu 64 (ubuntu-12.04.2-server-amd64.iso)

重现问题的步骤

这是工作流程及其产生的错误：

1) 从 GitBash（或任何其他 *nix 命令行）通过 SSH 连接到 Ubuntu VM。注意：<localhost_alias> 已经在 hosts 文件中配置好了。

ssh -l<username> -p<ftp_port> <localhost_alias>

2) 设置您的代理。我只是将这些从文本文件复制粘贴到命令行，然后按回车键也处理最后一个。

export http_proxy=http://proxy.somecorpdom:8080/
export https_proxy=https://proxy.somecorpdom:8080/
export no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.1,*.somecorpdom

3) 运行 apt-get update。

sudo apt-get update

结果和错误

运行更新命令后，立即显示如下，但挂了几分钟：

0% [Connecting to us.archive.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.15)] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.92.202)]

最终前一条消息消失了，我得到了这个（未删节）：

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted TranslationIndex
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex
23% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.14)]
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Sources
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en_US
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]
23% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.14)]

它在“23%”停留了很长一段时间。再过几分钟，就会显示这个输出：

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/universe/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/restricted/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/restricted/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/universe/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/universe/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/main/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/main/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/restricted/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/restricted/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/universe/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/universe/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/restricted/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/restricted/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/universe/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/universe/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/main/source/Sources  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/restricted/source/Sources  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/source/Sources  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/source/Sources  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/main/binary-amd64/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/main/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/main/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/main/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/restricted/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/restricted/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/i18n/Translation-en_US  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/universe/i18n/Translation-en  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

我在公司防火墙/代理后面。

Answer 1

我找到了答案。这是修复：

将这两行作为 sudo 添加到 /etc/apt/apt.conf

Acquire::http::proxy "http://somecorpdom:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://somecorpdom:8080/";

那么 apt-get 应该可以在你的 Ubuntu 中运行。 （将“somecorpdom”更改为您的代理）

Answer 2

您可以像以前一样导出代理：

export http_proxy=http://proxy.somecorpdom:8080/

export https_proxy=https://proxy.somecorpdom:8080/

然后试试sudo -E apt-get update。