自定义身份验证中间件：身份验证失败时出现 InvalidOperationException

Question

我想使用像 Authorization ToggledKey 10079a4c-d27e-4898-915a-968850c756ef 这样的 HTTP 标头来验证对我的 ASP.NET Core 1.0 应用程序的调用

我的想法是我可以发布 API 密钥，人们可以使用它们、撤销它们等。我只想要一个非常简单的密钥 - 我不想进入 OAuth、IdentityServer 或其他任何东西。

我关注了this tutorial，它谈到了如何“伪造”成功的响应以进行测试，我最终得到了以下代码：

public class TestAuthenticationOptions : AuthenticationOptions  
{
    public virtual ClaimsIdentity Identity { get; } = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[]
    {
        new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
        // Other claims omitted for brevity
    }, "Toggled");

    public TestAuthenticationOptions()
    {
        this.AuthenticationScheme = "ToggledAuthenticationMiddleware";
        this.AutomaticAuthenticate = true;
    }
}

public class TestAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<TestAuthenticationOptions>  
{
    protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
    {
        var authenticationTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(
                                        new ClaimsPrincipal(Options.Identity),
                                        new AuthenticationProperties(),
                                        this.Options.AuthenticationScheme);

        return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(authenticationTicket));
    }
}

public class TestAuthenticationMiddleware : AuthenticationMiddleware<TestAuthenticationOptions>  
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate next;

    public TestAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IOptions<TestAuthenticationOptions> options, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
        : base(next, options, loggerFactory, System.Text.Encodings.Web.UrlEncoder.Default)
    {
        this.next = next;
    }

    protected override AuthenticationHandler<TestAuthenticationOptions> CreateHandler()
    {
        return new TestAuthenticationHandler();
    }
}

首先，我只是想获得一个硬编码的成功身份验证，这将允许我看到带有User.Identity.Name 的用户和一个硬编码失败的身份验证让我看到401 Unauthorized - 只是为了理解它是如何工作的。

添加到Configure方法中：

app.UseMiddleware<TestAuthenticationMiddleware>(); 
app.UseMvc();

到目前为止，一切都很好，它可以工作 - [Authorize] 属性在控制器上，我在 User.Identity.Name 中获得 GUID

问题：

当我因响应失败而更改时：

return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("Auth Failed!"));
//return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(authenticationTicket));

我得到的不是 401，而是 500，但有以下例外：

Unknown error responding to request: InvalidOperationException:
System.InvalidOperationException: No authentication handler is configured to handle the scheme: Automatic
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication.Internal.DefaultAuthenticationManager.<ChallengeAsync>d__12.MoveNext()

我确实在中间件中看到了身份验证失败：

[Information] ToggledAppServices.TestAuthenticationMiddleware: ToggledAuthenticationMiddleware was not authenticated. Failure message: Auth failed! 

所以我可以看到它确实使用了中间件，身份验证失败，但也看到了 InvalidOperationException 之前：

[Information] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ChallengeResult: Executing ChallengeResult with authentication schemes ().

虽然我很困惑。我该怎么做才能使我的中间件成为“唯一”身份验证点，如果它失败，返回 401 而不是尝试做更多事情并因 InvalidOperationException 而失败？

完整日志：

[Debug] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost: Hosting starting 
[Debug] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost: Hosting started 
START RequestId: 52c7358f-e50a-11e7-a5a6-b3632cca0b75 Version: $LATEST
Incoming GET requests to /api/values
[Information] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost: Request starting GET https://www.example.com/api/controller application/json 
[Information] ToggledAppServices.TestAuthenticationMiddleware: ToggledAuthenticationMiddleware was not authenticated. Failure message: Auth failed! 
[Debug] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Tree.TreeRouter: Request successfully matched the route with name '' and template 'api/values'. 
[Debug] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker: Executing action ToggledAppServices.Controllers.ValuesController.Get (ToggledAppServices) 
[Information] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.DefaultAuthorizationService: Authorization failed for user: . 
[Warning] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker: Authorization failed for the request at filter 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Authorization.AuthorizeFilter'. 
[Information] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ChallengeResult: Executing ChallengeResult with authentication schemes (). 
Unknown error responding to request: InvalidOperationException:
System.InvalidOperationException: No authentication handler is configured to handle the scheme: Automatic
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication.Internal.DefaultAuthenticationManager.<ChallengeAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ChallengeResult.<ExecuteResultAsync>d__14.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.<InvokeResultAsync>d__32.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.<InvokeAsync>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware.<Invoke>d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.RequestServicesContainerMiddleware.<Invoke>d__3.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Amazon.Lambda.AspNetCoreServer.APIGatewayProxyFunction.<ProcessRequest>d__15.MoveNext()
InvalidOperationException:
System.InvalidOperationException: No authentication handler is configured to handle the scheme: Automatic
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication.Internal.DefaultAuthenticationManager.<ChallengeAsync>d__12.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ChallengeResult.<ExecuteResultAsync>d__14.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.<InvokeResultAsync>d__32.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Internal.ControllerActionInvoker.<InvokeAsync>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware.<Invoke>d__4.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__18.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.RequestServicesContainerMiddleware.<Invoke>d__3.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
at Amazon.Lambda.AspNetCoreServer.APIGatewayProxyFunction.<ProcessRequest>d__15.MoveNext()

[Information] Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost: Request finished in 7360.5673ms 0 
Response Base 64 Encoded: False
END RequestId: 52c7358f-e50a-11e7-a5a6-b3632cca0b75

Answer 1

System.InvalidOperationException: No authentication handler is configured to handle the scheme: Automatic
  at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication.Internal.DefaultAuthenticationManager.<ChallengeAsync>d__12.MoveNext()

这表明您的身份验证处理程序的身份验证工作正常，并且由于身份验证失败而正确创建了质询结果。

所以现在，应该运行默认质询身份验证处理程序来处理质询请求。但是，没有配置默认的质询方案，所以失败了。

为了告诉您的TestAuthenticationHandler 也处理质询请求，您应该将TestAuthenticationOptions 类型的AutomaticChallenge 选项设置为true：

// handle authenticate requests by default
AutomaticAuthenticate = true;

// handle challenge requests by default
AutomaticChallenge = true;

然后，您的处理程序将针对质询请求运行，由于您不提供自定义实现，the default behavior 只会生成 401 HTTP 响应。