验证 XML 和 DTD 时的问题

Question

我已经列出了这个食谱列表，但由于某种原因，当我尝试在 Oxygen XML 编辑器中验证文档时收到大量错误消息。 氧气给我以下错误：

元素类型“成分”不得多次声明 元素类型“名称”不得多次声明 元素类型“数量”不得多次声明 意想不到的元素“成分”。父元素的内容必须匹配： （名称+、成分+、数量+、装饰、说明、必需品、准备）

这是我的代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE recipes SYSTEM "recipes.dtd">

<recipes>
    <cocktail>

      <name>Hells Bells</name>

      <ingredients>Batida de Coco</ingredients>
      <quantity> 4cl </quantity>

      <ingredients>caramel sirup</ingredients>
      <quantity> 2 cl </quantity>

      <ingredients>Milk</ingredients>
      <quantity> 8 cl </quantity>

      <ingredients>Strawberry puree</ingredients>
      <quantity> 4 cl </quantity>

      <decoration>Decoration: Strawberry blood with spiders.</decoration>
      <instructions>Instructions: All ingredients should be shaken.</instuctions>

      </cocktail> 

      <cocktail>

        <name>Feuerzangenbowle</name>

        <ingredients>red wine</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1000 ml </quantity>

        <ingredients>cinnamon</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 </quantity>

        <ingredients>Carnations</ingredients>
        <quantity> 3 </quantity>

        <necessity>500 ml Pott</necessity>

        <preparation>Season with cinnamon stick and cloves.</preparation>

    </cocktail> 

    <appetizer>

      <name>Fresh glass</name>

      <ingredients>avocado</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 </quantity>

      <ingredients>salmon</ingredients>
      <quantity> 100 g </quantity> 

      <ingredients>chives</ingredients>
      <quantity> stems </quantity>

      <ingredients>lemon</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 </quantity>

    </appetizer>

    <appetizer>

      <name>Merceiles Hummus</name>

      <ingredients>Chickpeas</ingredients>
      <quantity> 400 g </quantity>

      <ingredients>olive oil</ingredients>
      <quantity> 2 TS </quantity>

      <ingredients>salt</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

      <ingredients>Pepper powder</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

   </appetizer>

   <maindish>

      <name>Pickled salmon</name>

      <ingredients>salmon</ingredients>
      <quantity> 2,5 kg </quantity>

      <ingredients>pepper</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

      <ingredients>salt</ingredients>
      <quantity> 4 TS </quantity>

      <ingredients>honey</ingredients>
      <quantity> 4 TS </quantity>

   </maindish>

   <maindish>

      <name>Beef fillet</name>

      <ingredients>Beef fillet</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1,5 kg </quantity>

      <ingredients>Butterfelt</ingredients>
      <quantity> 20 g </quantity>

      <ingredients>thyme</ingredients>
      <quantity> 4 branches </quantity>

   </maindish>

   <dessert>

      <name>Chocolate Muffins</name>

      <ingredients>chocolate</ingredients>
      <quantity> 225 g </quantity>

      <ingredients>butter</ingredients>
      <quantity> 115 g </quantity>

      <ingredients>vanillasuger</ingredients>
      <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

      <ingredients>sugar</ingredients>
      <quantity> 100 g </quantity>

   </dessert>

   <dessert>

     <name>Tiramisu</name>

     <ingredients>sugar</ingredients>
     <quantity> 100 g </quantity>

     <ingredients>yolk</ingredients>
     <quantity> 4 </quantity>

     <ingredients>egg whites</ingredients>
     <quantity> 2 </quantity>

     <ingredients>Amaretto</ingredients>
     <quantity> 2 cl </quantity>

   </dessert>

</recipes>

这里是 DTD：

<!-- DTD document recipes.xml  -->

<!ELEMENT recipes (cocktail+, appetizer+, maindish+, dessert+)>

<!ELEMENT cocktail (name+, ingredients+, quantity+, decoration, instructions, neccessity, preparation)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ingredients (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT decoration (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT instructions (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT neccessity (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT preparation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT appetizer (name+, ingredients+, quantity+)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ingredients (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT maindish (name+, ingredients+, quantity+)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ingredients (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT dessert (name+, ingredients+, quantity+)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ingredients (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>

我真的不知道该怎么做了，非常感谢您的帮助！ 提前感谢您的回答！

P.S - XML 新手

Answer 1

element type "ingredients" must not be declared more than once
element type "name" must not be declared more than once
element type "quantity" must not be declared more than once

这些错误是不言自明的；您只能在 DTD 中声明一个元素（<!ELEMENT 声明）。

unexpected element "ingredients". The content of the parent element must match:
(name+, ingredients+, quantity+, decoration, instructions, neccessity, preparation)

此错误表示ingredients 元素不合适。 ingredients (cocktail) 的父级必须与 DTD 中的模型匹配。在这种情况下，cocktail 必须有：

• 一个或多个name 元素后跟
• 一个或多个ingredients 元素后跟
• 一个或多个quantity 元素后跟
• 正好是一个decoration 元素，后跟
• 正好是一个instructions 元素，后跟
• 正好是一个neccessity 元素，后跟
• 正好是一个preparation元素

查看您的 XML，这看起来不像您想要的。您可能想要看起来更像这样的东西：

(name+, (ingredients, quantity)+, decoration?, instructions?, necessity?, preparation?)

这是：

• 一个或多个name 元素后跟
• 一个或多个
  • 正好是一个ingredients 元素，后跟
  • 正好是一个quantity元素
• 紧随其后
• 零个或一个decoration 元素后跟
• 零个或一个instructions 元素后跟
• 零个或一个necessity 元素后跟
• 零个或一个preparation元素

您在 DTD 和 XML 中拼写不同的 necessity；他们需要匹配。

您还在第一个cocktail 中拼错了instructions 结束标记。

appetizer、maindish、dessert的模型中ingredients后跟quantity一次或多次的部分也应该更新。

这是一个更新的 DTD：

<!ELEMENT recipes (cocktail+, appetizer+, maindish+, dessert+)>

<!ELEMENT cocktail (name+, (ingredients, quantity)+, decoration?, instructions?, necessity?, preparation?)>
<!ELEMENT appetizer (name+, (ingredients, quantity)+)>
<!ELEMENT maindish (name+, (ingredients, quantity)+)>
<!ELEMENT dessert (name+, (ingredients, quantity)+)>

<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ingredients (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT quantity (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT decoration (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT instructions (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT necessity (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT preparation (#PCDATA)>

和 XML 文件：

<!DOCTYPE recipes SYSTEM "recipes.dtd">
<recipes>
    <cocktail>

        <name>Hells Bells</name>

        <ingredients>Batida de Coco</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4cl </quantity>

        <ingredients>caramel sirup</ingredients>
        <quantity> 2 cl </quantity>

        <ingredients>Milk</ingredients>
        <quantity> 8 cl </quantity>

        <ingredients>Strawberry puree</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4 cl </quantity>

        <decoration>Decoration: Strawberry blood with spiders.</decoration>
        <instructions>Instructions: All ingredients should be shaken.</instructions>

    </cocktail> 

    <cocktail>

        <name>Feuerzangenbowle</name>

        <ingredients>red wine</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1000 ml </quantity>

        <ingredients>cinnamon</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 </quantity>

        <ingredients>Carnations</ingredients>
        <quantity> 3 </quantity>

        <necessity>500 ml Pott</necessity>

        <preparation>Season with cinnamon stick and cloves.</preparation>

    </cocktail> 

    <appetizer>

        <name>Fresh glass</name>

        <ingredients>avocado</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 </quantity>

        <ingredients>salmon</ingredients>
        <quantity> 100 g </quantity> 

        <ingredients>chives</ingredients>
        <quantity> stems </quantity>

        <ingredients>lemon</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 </quantity>

    </appetizer>

    <appetizer>

        <name>Merceiles Hummus</name>

        <ingredients>Chickpeas</ingredients>
        <quantity> 400 g </quantity>

        <ingredients>olive oil</ingredients>
        <quantity> 2 TS </quantity>

        <ingredients>salt</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

        <ingredients>Pepper powder</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

    </appetizer>

    <maindish>

        <name>Pickled salmon</name>

        <ingredients>salmon</ingredients>
        <quantity> 2,5 kg </quantity>

        <ingredients>pepper</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

        <ingredients>salt</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4 TS </quantity>

        <ingredients>honey</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4 TS </quantity>

    </maindish>

    <maindish>

        <name>Beef fillet</name>

        <ingredients>Beef fillet</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1,5 kg </quantity>

        <ingredients>Butterfelt</ingredients>
        <quantity> 20 g </quantity>

        <ingredients>thyme</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4 branches </quantity>

    </maindish>

    <dessert>

        <name>Chocolate Muffins</name>

        <ingredients>chocolate</ingredients>
        <quantity> 225 g </quantity>

        <ingredients>butter</ingredients>
        <quantity> 115 g </quantity>

        <ingredients>vanillasuger</ingredients>
        <quantity> 1 TS </quantity>

        <ingredients>sugar</ingredients>
        <quantity> 100 g </quantity>

    </dessert>

    <dessert>

        <name>Tiramisu</name>

        <ingredients>sugar</ingredients>
        <quantity> 100 g </quantity>

        <ingredients>yolk</ingredients>
        <quantity> 4 </quantity>

        <ingredients>egg whites</ingredients>
        <quantity> 2 </quantity>

        <ingredients>Amaretto</ingredients>
        <quantity> 2 cl </quantity>

    </dessert>

</recipes>