如何提高 BigQuery 中 GeoIP 查询的性能？

Question

我已在 BigQuery 中加载了我的应用程序日志，我需要根据这些日志中的 IP 地址计算国家/地区。

我在我的表和从MaxMind 下载的 GeoIP 映射表之间编写了一个连接查询。

理想的查询应该是带有范围过滤器的OUTER JOIN，但是BQ 在连接条件中仅支持=。 因此查询会执行INNER JOIN 并处理JOIN 每一侧的缺失值。

我已经修改了我的原始查询，以便它可以在 Wikipedia 公共数据集上运行。

有人可以帮我加快运行速度吗？

SELECT id, client_ip, client_ip_code, B.Country_Name as Country_Name

FROM
    (SELECT id, contributor_ip as client_ip, INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code, 1 AS One
    FROM [publicdata:samples.wikipedia] Limit 1000) AS A1

JOIN 
    (SELECT From_IP_Code, To_IP_Code, Country_Name, 1 AS One
    FROM

        -- 3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges, 2.Gaps, 3. Gap at the end of the set
        -- all Ranges of valid IPs:
        (SELECT From_IP_Code, To_IP_Code, Country_Name FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP])

        -- Missing rages lower from From_IP 
        ,(SELECT
            PriorRangeEndIP + 1 From_IP_Code, 
            From_IP_Code - 1 AS To_IP_Code, 
            'NA' AS Country_Name
        FROM

            -- use of LAG function to find prior valid range
            (SELECT 
                From_IP_Code, 
                To_IP_Code, Country_Name, 
                LAG(To_IP_Code, 1, INTEGER(0)) 
                OVER(ORDER BY From_IP_Code asc) PriorRangeEndIP                 
            FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP]) A

            -- If gap from prior valid range is > 1 than its a gap to fill
            WHERE From_IP_Code > PriorRangeEndIP + 1)

        -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
        ,(SELECT MAX(To_IP_Code) + 1 as From_IP_Code, INTEGER(4311810304) as To_IP_Code, 'NA' AS Country_Name
        FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
ON A1.ONE = B.ONE    -- fake join condition to overcome allowed use of only = in joins

-- Join condition where valid IP exists on left
WHERE
    A1.client_ip_code >= B.From_IP_Code
    AND A1.client_ip_code <= B.To_IP_Code
    OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL 
    AND B.From_IP_Code = 1)    -- where there is no valid IP on left contributor_ip

Answer 1

2019 年，答案大大改进：

• https://medium.com/@hoffa/geolocation-with-bigquery-de-identify-76-million-ip-addresses-in-20-seconds-e9e652480bd2

#standardSQL
# replace with your source of IP addresses
# here I'm using the same Wikipedia set from the previous article
WITH source_of_ip_addresses AS (
  SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE(contributor_ip, 'xxx', '0')  ip, COUNT(*) c
  FROM `publicdata.samples.wikipedia`
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT null  
  GROUP BY 1
)
SELECT country_name, SUM(c) c
FROM (
  SELECT ip, country_name, c
  FROM (
    SELECT *, NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING(ip) & NET.IP_NET_MASK(4, mask) network_bin
    FROM source_of_ip_addresses, UNNEST(GENERATE_ARRAY(9,32)) mask
    WHERE BYTE_LENGTH(NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING(ip)) = 4
  )
  JOIN `fh-bigquery.geocode.201806_geolite2_city_ipv4_locs`  
  USING (network_bin, mask)
)
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 2 DESC

---

此答案的清理版本： http://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/2014/03/geoip-geolocation-with-google-bigquery.html

让我整理一下原来的查询：

SELECT
  id,
  client_ip,
  client_ip_code,
  B.Country_Name AS Country_Name
FROM (
  SELECT
    id,
    contributor_ip AS  client_ip,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code,
    1 AS One
  FROM
    [publicdata:samples.wikipedia]
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL
  LIMIT
    1000
    ) AS A1
LEFT JOIN
  (
  SELECT
    From_IP_Code,
    To_IP_Code,
    Country_Name,
    1 AS One
  FROM
    --3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges,  2.Gaps,  3. Gap at the END of the set
    (
    SELECT
      From_IP_Code,
      To_IP_Code,
      Country_Name
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP]) -- all Ranges ov valid IPs
    ,
    (
    SELECT
      PriorRangeEndIP+1 From_IP_Code,
      From_IP_Code-1 AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages lower    FROM      From_IP
    from(
      SELECT
        From_IP_Code,
        To_IP_Code,
        Country_Name
        ,
        LAG(To_IP_Code,
          1,
          INTEGER(0)) OVER(
        ORDER BY
          From_IP_Code ASC) PriorRangeEndIP --use of LAG function to find prior valid range
      FROM
        [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])A
    WHERE
     From_IP_Code>PriorRangeEndIP+1) -- If gap  FROM  prior valid range IS >1 than its a gap to fill
      ,
    (
    SELECT
      MAX(To_IP_Code)+1 AS From_IP_Code,
      INTEGER (4311810304) AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
  ON A1.ONE=B.ONE --fake JOIN condition to overcome allowed use of = only IN joins
WHERE
  A1.client_ip_code>=B.From_IP_Code
  AND A1.client_ip_code<=B.To_IP_Code -- JOIN condition WHERE valid IP exists ON left
  OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
    AND B.From_IP_Code=1 ) -- WHERE  there IS no valid IP ON left contributor_ip;

这是一个很长的查询！ （和一个非常有趣的）。它在 14 秒内运行。我们如何优化它？

我发现的一些技巧：

• 跳过空值。如果日志中没有ip地址，请不要尝试匹配。
• 减少组合。与其将每个左侧记录与每个右侧记录连接起来，不如仅将左侧的 39.x.x.x 记录与右侧的 39.x.x.x 记录连接起来。只有少数（3 或 4）条规则涵盖多个范围。很容易在 geolite 表上添加一些规则来添加规则来弥补这些差距。

所以我要改变：

• 1 AS One 到 INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)/(256*256*256)) AS One（两次）。
• 添加“WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL”。

现在它在 3 秒内运行！ 5% 的 ips 无法定位，可能是由于所描述的差距（容易修复）。

现在，从 LIMIT 1000 到 LIMIT 300000 怎么样。需要多长时间？

37 秒！比描述的 25 分钟要好得多。如果你想走得更高，我建议把右边的桌子变成一个静态的——因为一旦计算它就不会改变，它只是基本规则的扩展。然后你可以使用 JOIN EACH。

SELECT
  id,
  client_ip,
  client_ip_code,
  B.Country_Name AS Country_Name
FROM (
  SELECT
    id,
    contributor_ip AS  client_ip,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)/(256*256*256)) AS One
  FROM
    [publicdata:samples.wikipedia]
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL
  LIMIT
    300000
    ) AS A1
JOIN 
  (
  SELECT
    From_IP_Code,
    To_IP_Code,
    Country_Name,
    INTEGER(From_IP_Code/(256*256*256)) AS One
  FROM
    --3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges,  2.Gaps,  3. Gap at the END of the set
    (
    SELECT
      From_IP_Code,
      To_IP_Code,
      Country_Name
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP]) -- all Ranges ov valid IPs
    ,
    (
    SELECT
      PriorRangeEndIP+1 From_IP_Code,
      From_IP_Code-1 AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages lower    FROM      From_IP
    from(
      SELECT
        From_IP_Code,
        To_IP_Code,
        Country_Name
        ,
        LAG(To_IP_Code,
          1,
          INTEGER(0)) OVER(
        ORDER BY
          From_IP_Code ASC) PriorRangeEndIP --use of LAG function to find prior valid range
      FROM
        [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])A
    WHERE
     From_IP_Code>PriorRangeEndIP+1) -- If gap  FROM  prior valid range IS >1 than its a gap to fill
      ,
    (
    SELECT
      MAX(To_IP_Code)+1 AS From_IP_Code,
      INTEGER (4311810304) AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
  ON A1.ONE=B.ONE --fake JOIN condition to overcome allowed use of = only IN joins
WHERE
  A1.client_ip_code>=B.From_IP_Code
  AND A1.client_ip_code<=B.To_IP_Code -- JOIN condition WHERE valid IP exists ON left
  OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
    AND B.From_IP_Code=1 ) -- WHERE  there IS no valid IP ON left contributor_ip;

Answer 2

作为一个很酷的附录（请参阅之前的答案以获取详细信息）：对 Wikipedia 进行编辑贡献最多的国家/地区是哪些？

Row Country_Name    c    
1   United States   36605405     
2   United Kingdom  10355936     
3   Canada          4988835  
4   Australia       3387582  
5   India           1447756  
6   Germany         1414713 
7   Philippines     765874   
8   Netherlands     668850   
9   Ireland         651370   
10  France          602113   
11  New Zealand     590554   
12  Sweden          556544
....
Query complete (28.5s elapsed, 1.07 GB processed)

查询：

SELECT Country_Name, COUNT(*) c
FROM (
SELECT
 id,
 client_ip,
 client_ip_code,
 B.Country_Name AS Country_Name
FROM (
 SELECT
   id,
   contributor_ip AS client_ip,
   INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code,
   INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)/(256*256*256)) AS One
 FROM
   [publicdata:samples.wikipedia]
 WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL
 -- NO LIMITS - use ALL the data!
   ) AS A1
JOIN
 (
 SELECT
   From_IP_Code,
   To_IP_Code,
   Country_Name,
   INTEGER(From_IP_Code/(256*256*256)) AS One
 FROM
   --3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges,  2.Gaps,  3. Gap at the END of the set
   (
   SELECT
     From_IP_Code,
     To_IP_Code,
     Country_Name
   FROM
     [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP]) -- all Ranges ov valid IPs
   ,
   (
   SELECT
     PriorRangeEndIP+1 From_IP_Code,
     From_IP_Code-1 AS To_IP_Code,
     'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages lower    FROM      From_IP
   from(
     SELECT
       From_IP_Code,
       To_IP_Code,
       Country_Name,
       LAG(To_IP_Code,
         1,
         INTEGER(0)) OVER(
       ORDER BY
         From_IP_Code ASC) PriorRangeEndIP --use of LAG function to find prior valid range
     FROM
       [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])A
   WHERE
    From_IP_Code>PriorRangeEndIP+1) -- If gap  FROM  prior valid range IS >1 than its a gap to fill
     ,
   (
   SELECT
     MAX(To_IP_Code)+1 AS From_IP_Code,
     INTEGER (4311810304) AS To_IP_Code,
     'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
   FROM
     [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])
   ) AS B
 ON A1.ONE=B.ONE --fake JOIN condition to overcome allowed use of = only IN joins
WHERE
 A1.client_ip_code>=B.From_IP_Code
 AND A1.client_ip_code<=B.To_IP_Code -- JOIN condition WHERE valid IP exists ON left
 OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
   AND B.From_IP_Code=1 ) -- WHERE  there IS no valid IP ON left contributor_ip;
)
GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 2 DESC