【发布时间】:2019-01-26 23:24:11
【问题描述】:
我有一个返回 10 行的查询(使用 psql 对 Postgres (9.6.10) 数据库执行)。选择 30 列而不是 1 列时,查询的执行速度要慢 20 倍。
我想我知道为什么会发生这种情况(请参阅下面的 EXPLAIN 输出)。我猜解决方法是只选择 id 然后重新加入数据。这是否表明查询计划器中存在错误?还有其他解决方法吗?
查询 1(20 秒后执行)
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT fundraisers.*
FROM fundraisers
INNER JOIN audit_logs ON audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN accounts ON accounts.id = fundraisers.account_id
GROUP BY accounts.id, fundraisers.id
LIMIT 10
查询 2(1 秒后执行)
仅在选定的列中有所不同
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT fundraisers.id
FROM fundraisers
INNER JOIN audit_logs ON audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id
LEFT OUTER JOIN accounts ON accounts.id = fundraisers.account_id
GROUP BY accounts.id, fundraisers.id
LIMIT 10
解释输出
我注意到的一件事是,在 EXPLAIN 输出中,我看到由于要连接的数据的宽度,哈希连接具有不同的成本。即。
-> Hash Join (cost=25967.06..109216.83 rows=1359646 width=1634) (actual time=322.987..1971.464 rows=1356192 loops=1)
对
-> Hash Join (cost=14500.06..74422.83 rows=1359646 width=8) (actual time=111.710..730.736 rows=1356192 loops=1)
更多详情
database=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT fundraisers.*
database-# FROM fundraisers
database-# INNER JOIN audit_logs ON audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id
database-# LEFT OUTER JOIN accounts ON accounts.id = fundraisers.account_id
database-# GROUP BY accounts.id, fundraisers.id
database-# LIMIT 10;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limit (cost=3147608.91..3147608.98 rows=10 width=1634) (actual time=20437.137..20437.190 rows=10 loops=1)
-> Group (cost=3147608.91..3157806.25 rows=1359646 width=1634) (actual time=20437.136..20437.186 rows=10 loops=1)
Group Key: accounts.id, fundraisers.id
-> Sort (cost=3147608.91..3151008.02 rows=1359646 width=1634) (actual time=20437.133..20437.165 rows=120 loops=1)
Sort Key: accounts.id, fundraisers.id
Sort Method: external merge Disk: 1976192kB
-> Hash Join (cost=25967.06..109216.83 rows=1359646 width=1634) (actual time=322.987..1971.464 rows=1356192 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id)
-> Seq Scan on audit_logs (cost=0.00..40634.14 rows=1517914 width=4) (actual time=0.078..324.638 rows=1517915 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=13794.41..13794.41 rows=56452 width=1634) (actual time=321.869..321.869 rows=56452 loops=1)
Buckets: 4096 Batches: 32 Memory Usage: 2786kB
-> Hash Left Join (cost=1548.76..13794.41 rows=56452 width=1634) (actual time=16.465..122.406 rows=56452 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (fundraisers.account_id = accounts.id)
-> Seq Scan on fundraisers (cost=0.00..11546.52 rows=56452 width=1630) (actual time=0.068..54.434 rows=56452 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=965.56..965.56 rows=46656 width=4) (actual time=16.337..16.337 rows=46656 loops=1)
Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 2153kB
-> Seq Scan on accounts (cost=0.00..965.56 rows=46656 width=4) (actual time=0.020..8.268 rows=46656 loops=1)
Planning time: 0.748 ms
Execution time: 21013.427 ms
(19 rows)
database=# EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT fundraisers.id
database-# FROM fundraisers
database-# INNER JOIN audit_logs ON audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id
database-# LEFT OUTER JOIN accounts ON accounts.id = fundraisers.account_id
database-# GROUP BY accounts.id, fundraisers.id
database-# LIMIT 10;
QUERY PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Limit (cost=231527.41..231527.48 rows=10 width=8) (actual time=1314.884..1314.917 rows=10 loops=1)
-> Group (cost=231527.41..241724.75 rows=1359646 width=8) (actual time=1314.884..1314.914 rows=10 loops=1)
Group Key: accounts.id, fundraisers.id
-> Sort (cost=231527.41..234926.52 rows=1359646 width=8) (actual time=1314.883..1314.901 rows=120 loops=1)
Sort Key: accounts.id, fundraisers.id
Sort Method: external merge Disk: 23840kB
-> Hash Join (cost=14500.06..74422.83 rows=1359646 width=8) (actual time=111.710..730.736 rows=1356192 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (audit_logs.fundraiser_id = fundraisers.id)
-> Seq Scan on audit_logs (cost=0.00..40634.14 rows=1517914 width=4) (actual time=0.062..224.307 rows=1517915 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=13794.41..13794.41 rows=56452 width=8) (actual time=111.566..111.566 rows=56452 loops=1)
Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 2687kB
-> Hash Left Join (cost=1548.76..13794.41 rows=56452 width=8) (actual time=17.362..98.257 rows=56452 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (fundraisers.account_id = accounts.id)
-> Seq Scan on fundraisers (cost=0.00..11546.52 rows=56452 width=8) (actual time=0.067..54.676 rows=56452 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=965.56..965.56 rows=46656 width=4) (actual time=16.524..16.524 rows=46656 loops=1)
Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 2153kB
-> Seq Scan on accounts (cost=0.00..965.56 rows=46656 width=4) (actual time=0.032..7.804 rows=46656 loops=1)
Planning time: 0.469 ms
Execution time: 1323.349 ms
【问题讨论】:
-
你放
GROUP BY的原因是什么? -
在单列情况下,accounts 表与返回的集合无关。完整的解释是否显示了它的任何用途?大量的顺序扫描让我们怀疑你是否在
accounts和fundraisers中索引了外键。 -
@lau - GROUP BY 的原因是为了获得不同的筹款活动。 (我相信这不是标准的,但可以在 postgres 中使用)。
-
@FelixLivni 我将您的评论解释为“我上网是为了浪费专家 DBA 的时间来询问一些不应该被测试的东西,我什至严重削弱了这个问题的比较是无意义的。”你为什么不重写这个关于你的任务需要什么的问题呢?同时,我给出的问题是 (–1),我很少对非垃圾邮件这样做。
-
@AndrewLazarus 根本不是我的意图。对不起,如果我浪费了你的时间!背景:我试图改进最初是现实世界问题的东西。我看到了我认为奇怪的行为。我删除了所有实用的部分,最终得到了问题的最简单版本,它仍然会表现出相同的行为并发布。因此,问题不再是“我如何提高查询的性能”,而是“为什么我会看到这种奇怪的行为”?抱歉,如果它看起来缺乏实际应用。