我并不完全相信您现有的管道是最优化的,但如果没有样本数据可用于工作,很难真正分辨出其他情况。所以从你所拥有的开始:
使用 $unwind
var pipeline = [
// { $unwind: '$prices' }, // note: should not need this past MongoDB 3.0
{ $lookup: {
from: 'prices',
localField: 'prices',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices'
}},
{ $unwind: '$prices' },
{ $lookup: {
from: 'stores',
localField: 'prices.store',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices.store'
}},
// Changes from here
{ $unwind: '$prices.store' },
{ $match: {'prices.store._id': mongoose.Types.ObjectId(storeId) } },
{ $group: {
_id: '$_id',
name: { $first: '$name' },
prices: { $push: '$prices' }
}}
];
那里的点以:
-
初始 $unwind - 不需要。只有在非常早期的 MongoDB 3.0 版本中,这才要求在对这些值使用 $lookup 之前对一组值使用 $unwind。
-
$unwind 在$lookup 之后 - 如果您希望匹配“奇异”对象,则始终需要,因为$lookup 总是返回一个数组。
-
$match after $unwind - 实际上是管道处理的“优化”,实际上是“过滤”的要求时间>。如果没有$unwind,它只是验证“有东西”,但不匹配的项目不会被删除。
-
$push in $group - 这是重新构建 "prices"array 的实际部分。
您基本上缺少的关键点是将$first 用于“整个文档”内容。你真的不想这样,即使你想要的不仅仅是"name",你也总是想要$push"prices"。
事实上,您可能确实需要更多字段,而不仅仅是原始文档中的name,但实际上您应该使用以下表单。
富有表现力的 $lookup
自 MongoDB 3.6 以来的大多数现代 MongoDB 版本都提供了替代方案,坦率地说,您至少应该使用它:
var pipeline = [
{ $lookup: {
from: 'prices',
let: { prices: '$prices' },
pipeline: [
{ $match: {
store: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(storeId),
$expr: { $in: [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ $lookup: {
from: 'stores',
let: { store: '$store' },
pipeline: [
{ $match: { $expr: { $eq: [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } }
],
as: 'store'
}},
{ $unwind: '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
// remove results with no matching prices
{ $match: { 'prices.0': { $exists: true } } }
];
所以首先要注意的是“外部”pipeline 实际上只是一个 $lookup 阶段,因为它真正需要做的就是“加入”prices 集合。从加入原始集合的角度来看,这也是正确的,因为上面示例中的附加 $lookup 实际上与 prices 与另一个集合相关。
这正是这个新表单所做的,所以不是在结果数组上使用$unwind,然后在连接上进行操作,只有“价格”的匹配项然后被“连接” " 到 "stores" 集合,before 将它们返回到数组中。当然既然和“store”是“一对一”的关系,这其实就是$unwind。
简而言之,它的输出只是包含带有"prices" 数组的原始文档。因此,无需通过$group 重新构建,也无需混淆您使用的$first 和您使用的$push。
注意:我有点怀疑您的“过滤器存储”声明并试图匹配"prices" 集合中显示的store 字段。即使您指定相等匹配,该问题也会显示来自两个不同商店的预期输出。
如果我怀疑你有什么可能是指一个“商店列表”,它更像是:
store: { $in: storeList.map(store => mongoose.Types.ObjectId(store)) }
在这两种情况下,您将如何处理 “字符串列表”,使用 $in 匹配“列表”,使用 Array.map() 处理提供的列表和将每个返回为 ObjectId() 值。
提示:对于 mongoose,您使用“模型”而不是使用集合名称,实际的 MongoDB 集合名称通常是您注册的模型名称的复数。
因此您不必“硬编码”$lookup 的实际集合名称,只需使用:
Model.collection.name
.collection.name 是所有型号的可访问属性,可以省去记住为$lookup 实际命名集合的麻烦。如果您更改您的 mongoose.model() 实例注册,它还会保护您以更改 MongoDB 存储的集合名称的方式。
完整演示
以下是一个独立的清单,展示了这两种方法的工作原理以及它们如何产生相同的结果:
const { Schema, Types: { ObjectId } } = mongoose = require('mongoose');
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/shopping';
const opts = { useNewUrlParser: true };
mongoose.set('useFindAndModify', false);
mongoose.set('useCreateIndex', true);
mongoose.set('debug', true);
const storeSchema = new Schema({
name: { type: String }
});
const priceSchema = new Schema({
price: { type: Number },
store: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Store' }
});
const productSchema = new Schema({
name: { type: String },
prices: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Price' }]
});
const Store = mongoose.model('Store', storeSchema);
const Price = mongoose.model('Price', priceSchema);
const Product = mongoose.model('Product', productSchema);
const log = data => console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2));
(async function() {
try {
const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri, opts);
// Clean data
await Promise.all(
Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k, m]) => m.deleteMany())
);
// Insert working data
let [StoreA, StoreB, StoreC] = await Store.insertMany(
["StoreA", "StoreB", "StoreC"].map(name => ({ name }))
);
let [PriceA, PriceB, PriceC, PriceD, PriceE, PriceF]
= await Price.insertMany(
[[StoreA,1],[StoreB,2],[StoreA,3],[StoreC,4],[StoreB,5],[StoreC,6]]
.map(([store, price]) => ({ price, store }))
);
let [Milk, Cheese, Bread] = await Product.insertMany(
[
{ name: 'Milk', prices: [PriceA, PriceB] },
{ name: 'Cheese', prices: [PriceC, PriceD] },
{ name: 'Bread', prices: [PriceE, PriceF] }
]
);
// Test 1
{
log("Single Store - expressive")
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'let': { prices: '$prices' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': {
'store': ObjectId(StoreA._id), // demo - it's already an ObjectId
'$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'let': { store: '$store' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } }
],
'as': 'store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
{ '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } }
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 2
{
log("Dual Store - expressive");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'let': { prices: '$prices' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': {
'store': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] },
'$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'let': { store: '$store' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } }
],
'as': 'store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
{ '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } }
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 3
{
log("Single Store - legacy");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices' },
// Alternately $match can be done here
// { '$match': { 'prices.store': StoreA._id } },
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices.store',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices.store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices.store' },
{ '$match': { 'prices.store._id': StoreA._id } },
{ '$group': {
'_id': '$_id',
'name': { '$first': '$name' },
'prices': { '$push': '$prices' }
}}
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 4
{
log("Dual Store - legacy");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices' },
// Alternately $match can be done here
{ '$match': { 'prices.store': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] } } },
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices.store',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices.store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices.store' },
//{ '$match': { 'prices.store._id': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] } } },
{ '$group': {
'_id': '$_id',
'name': { '$first': '$name' },
'prices': { '$push': '$prices' }
}}
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
} catch(e) {
console.error(e);
} finally {
mongoose.disconnect();
}
})()
产生输出:
Mongoose: stores.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: prices.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: products.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: stores.insertMany([ { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, name: 'StoreA', __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, name: 'StoreB', __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, name: 'StoreC', __v: 0 } ], {})
Mongoose: prices.insertMany([ { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e, price: 1, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f, price: 2, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550, price: 3, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f551, price: 4, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552, price: 5, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f553, price: 6, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, __v: 0 } ], {})
Mongoose: products.insertMany([ { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554, name: 'Milk', __v: 0 }, { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f551 ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555, name: 'Cheese', __v: 0 }, { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f553 ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556, name: 'Bread', __v: 0 } ], {})
"Single Store - expressive"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', let: { prices: '$prices' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, '$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', let: { store: '$store' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } } ], as: 'store' } }, { '$unwind': '$store' } ], as: 'prices' } }, { '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Milk",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Cheese",
"__v": 0
}
]
"Dual Store - expressive"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', let: { prices: '$prices' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { store: { '$in': [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c ] }, '$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', let: { store: '$store' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } } ], as: 'store' } }, { '$unwind': '$store' } ], as: 'prices' } }, { '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f",
"price": 2,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Milk",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Cheese",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552",
"price": 5,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Bread",
"__v": 0
}
]
"Single Store - legacy"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', localField: 'prices', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices' }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', localField: 'prices.store', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices.store' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices.store' }, { '$match': { 'prices.store._id': 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b } }, { '$group': { _id: '$_id', name: { '$first': '$name' }, prices: { '$push': '$prices' } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"name": "Cheese",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"name": "Milk",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
}
]
"Dual Store - legacy"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', localField: 'prices', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices' }, { '$match': { 'prices.store': { '$in': [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', localField: 'prices.store', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices.store' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices.store' }, { '$group': { _id: '$_id', name: { '$first': '$name' }, prices: { '$push': '$prices' } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"name": "Cheese",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556",
"name": "Bread",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552",
"price": 5,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"name": "Milk",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f",
"price": 2,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
}
]