一般的想法是保持一个最接近目标的全局点,用新发现的点进行更新,并且永远不会下降到一个不可能包含比已找到的最近的目标更近的点的 n 边形。我将用 C 而不是 C++ 来展示它。您可以轻松地转换为面向对象的形式。
#define N_DIM <k for the k-D tree>
typedef float COORD;
typedef struct point_s {
COORD x[N_DIM];
} POINT;
typedef struct node_s {
struct node_s *lft, *rgt;
POINT p[1];
} NODE;
POINT target[1]; // target for nearest search
POINT nearest[1]; // nearest found so far
POINT b0[1], b1[1]; // search bounding box
bool prune_search() {
// Return true if no point in the bounding box [b0..b1] is closer
// to the target than than the current value of nearest.
}
void search(NODE *node, int dim);
void search_lft(NODE *node, int dim) {
if (!node->lft) return;
COORD save = b1->p->x[dim];
b1->p->x[dim] = node->p->x[dim];
if (!prune_search()) search(node->lft, (dim + 1) % N_DIM);
b1->p->x[dim] = save;
}
void search_rgt(NODE *node, int dim) {
if (!node->rgt) return;
COORD save = b0->p->x[dim];
b0->p->x[dim] = node->p->x[dim];
if (!prune_search()) search(node->rgt, (dim + 1) % N_DIM);
b0->p->x[dim] = save;
}
void search(NODE *node, int dim) {
if (dist(node->p, target) < dist(nearest, target)) *nearest = *node->p;
if (target->p->x[dim] < node->p->x[dim]) {
search_lft(node, dim);
search_rgt(node, dim);
} else {
search_rgt(node, dim);
search_lft(node, dim);
}
}
/** Set *nst to the point in the given kd-tree nearest to tgt. */
void get_nearest(POINT *nst, POINT *tgt, NODE *root) {
*b0 = POINT_AT_NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
*b1 = POINT_AT_POSITIVE_INFINITY;
*target = *tgt;
*nearest = *root->p;
search(root, 0);
*nst = *nearest;
}
请注意,这不是最经济的实施方式。为简单起见,它会进行一些不必要的最近更新和修剪比较。但它的渐近性能与 kd-tree NN 的预期一致。在你得到这个工作之后,你可以把它作为一个基本的实现来挤出额外的比较。