如果您从性能的角度来看事情,如果您使用单个可见的<canvas> 元素作为视觉输出,情况会更好。
不过,没有什么能阻止您在彼此堆叠的单独画布上做事。也许这里只是一个基本的误解。
你说:
当我在其中一个图层上执行 clearRect 时,它什么也不做
除了给定的图层之外,像素也在主画布上绘制
这不是真的。如果您将新清除的画布的内容绘制到另一个画布上,它不会用“无”覆盖目标画布。
看看这个例子:
let canvas = document.getElementById("canvas")
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "green";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 10;
ctx.arc(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2, 50, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
ctx.stroke();
let tempCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContext = tempCanvas.getContext("2d");
tempContext.clearRect(0, 0, tempCanvas.width, tempCanvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvas, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
我们的主画布包含一个带有黑色圆圈的绿色背景,我们正在使用drawImage() 方法在其上绘制一个动态创建的、新清除的画布,这会产生一个带有黑色圆圈的绿色背景作为新的画布元素不包含任何要绘制的数据。它没有擦除主画布。
如果我们稍微改变一下例子,让第二个画布包含一个矩形,事情就会按预期工作:
let canvas = document.getElementById("canvas")
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "green";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.lineWidth = 10;
ctx.arc(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2, 50, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
ctx.stroke();
let tempCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContext = tempCanvas.getContext("2d");
tempContext.clearRect(0, 0, tempCanvas.width, tempCanvas.height);
tempContext.strokeRect(tempCanvas.width / 2 - 60, tempCanvas.height / 2 - 60, 120, 120);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvas, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
现在,如果我们假设带有圆形 (tempCanvasA) 和矩形 (tempCanvasB) 的绿色背景是两个独立的画布,我们最终要绘制到主画布上,这将带来一个重要的点:绘制顺序。
所以这会起作用:
let canvas = document.getElementById("canvas")
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
let tempCanvasA = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContextA = tempCanvasA.getContext("2d");
tempContextA.fillStyle = "green";
tempContextA.fillRect(0, 0, tempCanvasA.width, tempCanvasA.height);
tempContextA.beginPath();
tempContextA.lineWidth = 10;
tempContextA.arc(tempCanvasA.width / 2, tempCanvasA.height / 2, 50, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
tempContextA.stroke();
let tempCanvasB = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContextB = tempCanvasB.getContext("2d");
tempContextB.strokeRect(tempCanvasB.width / 2 - 60, tempCanvasB.height / 2 - 60, 120, 120);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasA, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasB, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
虽然失败:
let canvas = document.getElementById("canvas")
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
let tempCanvasA = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContextA = tempCanvasA.getContext("2d");
tempContextA.fillStyle = "green";
tempContextA.fillRect(0, 0, tempCanvasA.width, tempCanvasA.height);
tempContextA.beginPath();
tempContextA.lineWidth = 10;
tempContextA.arc(tempCanvasA.width / 2, tempCanvasA.height / 2, 50, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
tempContextA.stroke();
let tempCanvasB = document.createElement("canvas");
let tempContextB = tempCanvasB.getContext("2d");
tempContextB.strokeRect(tempCanvasB.width / 2 - 60, tempCanvasB.height / 2 - 60, 120, 120);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasB, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasA, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
矩形不见了!为什么会失败?因为我们改变了将画布绘制到主画布上的顺序。在后一个例子中:
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasB, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvasA, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
我们首先绘制包含透明背景和矩形的tempCanvasB,然后绘制带有纯绿色背景的tempCanvasA(覆盖整个画布)和圆形。由于没有透明像素,它会覆盖我们首先绘制的矩形。
以球为例。问题是您将球绘制到错误的画布上。在您的绘图功能中,您正在执行以下操作:
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ball.draw();
ball.x = e.clientX;
ball.y = e.clientY;
ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0);
所以首先你清除ctx,然后调用ball 的draw 方法,该方法绘制到canvas2ctx,最后使用canvas2ctx 的内容将drawImage 绘制到ctx。
使用drawImage()
在之后将球拉到主
ctx
例如
// helper functions
function randomInt(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min)
}
// canvas
let firstRender = true;
var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
canvas.width = window.innerWidth - 50;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 50;
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// virtual canvas for rectangles layer
let canvas2 = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas2.width = window.innerWidth - 50;
canvas2.height = window.innerHeight - 5;
let canvas2ctx = canvas2.getContext("2d");
let ball = {
x: 100,
y: 100,
vx: 5,
vy: 2,
radius: 25,
color: 'blue',
draw: function() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
}
};
function draw(e) {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0);
ball.draw();
ball.x = e.clientX;
ball.y = e.clientY;
if (firstRender) {
drawRandomRectangles()
firstRender = false;
}
}
function drawRandomRectangles() {
for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
canvas2ctx.beginPath();
canvas2ctx.rect(randomInt(0, window.innerWidth - 50), randomInt(0, window.innerWidth - 50), randomInt(5, 20), randomInt(5, 20));
canvas2ctx.stroke();
}
}
canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', function(e) {
draw(e);
});
ball.draw();
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>