为什么这个模板参数推导在 GCC 而不是 Clang 上失败？

Question

我正在使用带有-std=c++20 的 Clang 和 GCC 主干，以下代码在 Clang 上编译良好，但在 GCC 上编译失败。

#include <cstdint>
#include <climits>
#include <type_traits>
#include <concepts>
#include <immintrin.h>

#define VECTOR_SIZE 32

template <typename T> requires std::is_arithmetic_v<T>
using vec __attribute__((__vector_size__(VECTOR_SIZE))) = T;

template <std::unsigned_integral T>
constexpr vec<T> rotl(vec<T> x, int k)
{
    constexpr auto N = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(T);
    return (x << k) | (x >> (N - k));
}

template <std::unsigned_integral T>
constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T> x, int k)
{
    constexpr auto N = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(T);
    return (x >> k) | (x << (N - k));
}

vec<uint32_t> test(vec<uint32_t> x)
{
    return rotr(x, 7);
}

GCC 错误：

x86-64 gcc (trunk) (Editor #1, Compiler #1) C++#1 with x86-64 gcc (trunk)
<source>: In function 'vec<unsigned int> test(vec<unsigned int>)':
<source>:27:20: error: no matching function for call to 'rotr(vec<unsigned int>&, int)'
27 |         return rotr(x, 7);
    |                ~~~~^~~~~~
<source>:19:22: note: candidate: 'template<class T>  requires  unsigned_integral<T> constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T>, int)'
19 |     constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T> x, int k)
    |                      ^~~~
<source>:19:22: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
<source>:19:22: note: constraints not satisfied
In file included from <source>:3:
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts: In substitution of 'template<class T>  requires  unsigned_integral<T> constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T>, int) [with T = __vector(8) unsigned int]':
<source>:27:20:   required from here
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:102:13:   required for the satisfaction of 'integral<_Tp>' [with _Tp = __vector(8) unsigned int]
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:108:13:   required for the satisfaction of 'unsigned_integral<T>' [with T = __vector(8) unsigned int]
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:102:24: note: the expression 'is_integral_v<_Tp> [with _Tp = __vector(8) unsigned int]' evaluated to 'false'
102 |     concept integral = is_integral_v<_Tp>;
    |                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ASM generation compiler returned: 1
<source>: In function 'vec<unsigned int> test(vec<unsigned int>)':
<source>:27:20: error: no matching function for call to 'rotr(vec<unsigned int>&, int)'
27 |         return rotr(x, 7);
    |                ~~~~^~~~~~
<source>:19:22: note: candidate: 'template<class T>  requires  unsigned_integral<T> constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T>, int)'
19 |     constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T> x, int k)
    |                      ^~~~
<source>:19:22: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
<source>:19:22: note: constraints not satisfied
In file included from <source>:3:
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts: In substitution of 'template<class T>  requires  unsigned_integral<T> constexpr vec<T> rotr(vec<T>, int) [with T = __vector(8) unsigned int]':
<source>:27:20:   required from here
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:102:13:   required for the satisfaction of 'integral<_Tp>' [with _Tp = __vector(8) unsigned int]
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:108:13:   required for the satisfaction of 'unsigned_integral<T>' [with T = __vector(8) unsigned int]
/opt/compiler-explorer/gcc-trunk-20210524/include/c++/12.0.0/concepts:102:24: note: the expression 'is_integral_v<_Tp> [with _Tp = __vector(8) unsigned int]' evaluated to 'false'
102 |     concept integral = is_integral_v<_Tp>;
    |                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Execution build compiler returned: 1

Answer 1

我怀疑它是模板参数推导中的 GCC 错误，由您的别名与向量内在属性结合产生的为：

• 如果您手动specify the template argument of rotr，它会编译。
• 在 C++17 中没有概念的简化示例也可以在 Clang and Intel compiler but yet again fails on GCC 上编译。因此 C++20 concepts 不可能是原因！
• 如果你只用简单的struct vec 交换别名，它编译得很好。

因此，没有模板参数扣除的代码本身似乎完全有效，只是 GCC 最终以某种方式扣除了 T = __vector(8) unsigned int，然后 std::unsigned_integral<T> 概念失败，因为 is_integral_v<T> 的计算结果为 false。

我想为了更好的答案来解释为什么会发生这种情况，你需要language-lawyer。