【问题标题】:What is the correct way to undistort points captured using fisheye camera in OpenCV in Python?在 Python 中使用 OpenCV 中的鱼眼相机捕获的点不失真的正确方法是什么?
【发布时间】:2020-07-23 15:38:33
【问题描述】:

信息:

我已经校准了我的相机,发现相机的内在矩阵 (K) 及其失真系数 (d) 如下:

import numpy as np
K = np.asarray([[556.3834638575809,0,955.3259939726225],[0,556.2366649196925,547.3011305411478],[0,0,1]])
d = np.asarray([[-0.05165940570900624],[0.0031093602070252167],[-0.0034036648250202746],[0.0003390345044343793]])

从这里,我可以使用以下三行来消除我的图像失真:

final_K = cv2.fisheye.estimateNewCameraMatrixForUndistortRectify(K, d, (1920, 1080), np.eye(3), balance=1.0)

map_1, map_2 = cv2.fisheye.initUndistortRectifyMap(K, d, np.eye(3), final_K, (1920, 1080), cv2.CV_32FC1)

undistorted_image = cv2.remap(image, map_1, map_2, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR, borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT)

生成的未失真图像似乎是正确的Left image is distorted, right is undistorted,但是当我尝试使用cv2.remap() 对图像点进行非失真处理时,点并没有映射到与图像中相应像素相同的位置。我使用

检测到左侧图像中的校准板点
ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray, (6,8),cv2.CALIB_CB_ADAPTIVE_THRESH+cv2.CALIB_CB_FAST_CHECK+cv2.CALIB_CB_NORMALIZE_IMAGE)
corners2 = cv2.cornerSubPix(gray, corners, (3,3), (-1,-1), (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 30, 0.1))

然后以下列方式重新映射这些点:

remapped_points = []
for corner in corners2:
    remapped_points.append(
                (map_1[int(corner[0][1]), int(corner[0][0])], map_2[int(corner[0][1]), int(corner[0][0])])
            )

In these horizontally concatenated images,左图显示在失真图像中检测到的点,而右图显示右图中点的重新映射位置。

另外,我无法使用cv2.fisheye.undistortPoints() 获得正确的结果。我有以下功能来不扭曲点:

def undistort_list_of_points(point_list, in_K, in_d):
    K = np.asarray(in_K)
    d = np.asarray(in_d)
    # Input can be list of bbox coords, poly coords, etc.
    # TODO -- Check if point behind camera?
    points_2d = np.asarray(point_list)

    points_2d = points_2d[:, 0:2].astype('float32')
    points2d_undist = np.empty_like(points_2d)
    points_2d = np.expand_dims(points_2d, axis=1)

    result = np.squeeze(cv2.fisheye.undistortPoints(points_2d, K, d))

    fx = K[0, 0]
    fy = K[1, 1]
    cx = K[0, 2]
    cy = K[1, 2]

    for i, (px, py) in enumerate(result):
        points2d_undist[i, 0] = px * fx + cx
        points2d_undist[i, 1] = py * fy + cy

    return points2d_undist

This image 显示使用上述函数不失真时的结果。

(这一切都在 Python 3.6.8 的 Ubuntu 18.04 上的 OpenCV 4.2.0 中运行)

问题

为什么图像坐标的重新映射不能正常工作?我是否错误地使用了map_1map_2

为什么使用cv2.fisheye.undistortPoints() 的结果与使用map_1map_2 的结果不同?

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python opencv camera-calibration calibration fisheye


    【解决方案1】:

    问题 1 的答案:

    您没有正确使用 ma​​p_1ma​​p_2

    cv2.fisheye.initUndistortRectifyMap函数生成的图应该是目的图像素位置到源图像素位置的映射,即dst (x,y)=src(mapx(x,y),mapy(x,y))。请参阅 OpenCV 中的 remap

    在代码中,ma​​p_1 用于 x 方向像素映射,ma​​p_2 用于 y 方向像素映射。例如, (X_undistorted, Y_undistorted) 是未失真图像中的像素位置。 ma​​p_1[Y_undistorted, X_undistorted] 告诉你这个像素应该在哪里映射到扭曲图像中的 x 坐标,ma​​p_2 会给你对应的y坐标。

    因此,ma​​p_1ma​​p_2 对于从失真图像构建未失真图像很有用,但并不真正适合逆向过程。

    remapped_points = []
    for corner in corners2:
        remapped_points.append(
                  (map_1[int(corner[0][1]), int(corner[0][0])], map_2[int(corner[0][1]), int(corner[0][0])]))
    

    此代码查找角的未失真像素位置不正确。您将需要使用 undistortPoints 功能。


    Q2 答案:

    映射和不失真是不同的。

    您可以将映射视为根据未失真图像中的像素位置与像素图构建未失真图像,而未失真是使用镜头失真模型使用原始像素位置找到未失真的像素位置。

    为了在未失真的图像中找到角落的正确像素位置。您需要使用新估计的 K 将未失真点的归一化坐标转换回像素坐标,在您的情况下,它是 final_K,因为未失真的图像可以被视为由具有final_K 没有失真(有一个小的缩放效果)。

    这里是修改后的 undistort 函数:

    def undistort_list_of_points(point_list, in_K, in_d, in_K_new):
        K = np.asarray(in_K)
        d = np.asarray(in_d)
        # Input can be list of bbox coords, poly coords, etc.
        # TODO -- Check if point behind camera?
        points_2d = np.asarray(point_list)
    
        points_2d = points_2d[:, 0:2].astype('float32')
        points2d_undist = np.empty_like(points_2d)
        points_2d = np.expand_dims(points_2d, axis=1)
    
        result = np.squeeze(cv2.fisheye.undistortPoints(points_2d, K, d))
    
        K_new = np.asarray(in_K_new)
        fx = K_new[0, 0]
        fy = K_new[1, 1]
        cx = K_new[0, 2]
        cy = K_new[1, 2]
    
        for i, (px, py) in enumerate(result):
            points2d_undist[i, 0] = px * fx + cx
            points2d_undist[i, 1] = py * fy + cy
    
        return points2d_undist
    

    这是我做同样事情的代码。

    import cv2
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    K = np.asarray([[556.3834638575809,0,955.3259939726225],[0,556.2366649196925,547.3011305411478],[0,0,1]])
    D = np.asarray([[-0.05165940570900624],[0.0031093602070252167],[-0.0034036648250202746],[0.0003390345044343793]])
    print("K:\n", K)
    print("D:\n", D.ravel())
    
    # read image and get the original image on the left
    image_path = "sample.jpg"
    image = cv2.imread(image_path)
    image = image[:, :image.shape[1]//2, :]
    image_gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    plt.imshow(image_gray, "gray")
    
    H_in, W_in = image_gray.shape
    print("Grayscale Image Dimension:\n", (W_in, H_in))
    
    scale_factor = 1.0 
    balance = 1.0
    
    img_dim_out =(int(W_in*scale_factor), int(H_in*scale_factor))
    if scale_factor != 1.0:
        K_out = K*scale_factor
        K_out[2,2] = 1.0
    
    K_new = cv2.fisheye.estimateNewCameraMatrixForUndistortRectify(K_out, D, img_dim_out, np.eye(3), balance=balance)
    print("Newly estimated K:\n", K_new)
    
    map1, map2 = cv2.fisheye.initUndistortRectifyMap(K, D, np.eye(3), K_new, img_dim_out, cv2.CV_32FC1)
    print("Rectify Map1 Dimension:\n", map1.shape)
    print("Rectify Map2 Dimension:\n", map2.shape)
    
    undistorted_image_gray = cv2.remap(image_gray, map1, map2, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR, borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT)
    fig = plt.figure()
    plt.imshow(undistorted_image_gray, "gray")
      
    ret, corners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(image_gray, (6,8),cv2.CALIB_CB_ADAPTIVE_THRESH+cv2.CALIB_CB_FAST_CHECK+cv2.CALIB_CB_NORMALIZE_IMAGE)
    corners_subpix = cv2.cornerSubPix(image_gray, corners, (3,3), (-1,-1), (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 30, 0.1))
    
    undistorted_corners = cv2.fisheye.undistortPoints(corners_subpix, K, D)
    undistorted_corners = undistorted_corners.reshape(-1,2)
    
    
    fx = K_new[0,0]
    fy = K_new[1,1]
    cx = K_new[0,2]
    cy = K_new[1,2]
    undistorted_corners_pixel = np.zeros_like(undistorted_corners)
    
    for i, (x, y) in enumerate(undistorted_corners):
        px = x*fx + cx
        py = y*fy + cy
        undistorted_corners_pixel[i,0] = px
        undistorted_corners_pixel[i,1] = py
        
    undistorted_image_show = cv2.cvtColor(undistorted_image_gray, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)
    for corner in undistorted_corners_pixel:
        image_corners = cv2.circle(np.zeros_like(undistorted_image_show), (int(corner[0]),int(corner[1])), 15, [0, 255, 0], -1)
        undistorted_image_show = cv2.add(undistorted_image_show, image_corners)
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    plt.imshow(undistorted_image_show, "gray")
    

    【讨论】:

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