模块已安装，但运行 gunicorn 时出现“ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为 <module_name> 的模块”答案

【问题标题】：Module installed but "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named <module_name>" while running gunicorn模块已安装，但运行 gunicorn 时出现“ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为 <module_name> 的模块”
【发布时间】：2022-02-04 12:37:21
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试使用 nginx 部署此网站。该站点配置正确，并且在我运行python manage.py runserver 时已得到验证。但是当我使用 gunicorn 和 wsgi 运行相同的程序时，gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8002 config.wsgi 会显示错误：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'crispy_forms'。

Crispy_forms 已安装并已使用 pip freeze 进行了验证。还启用了虚拟环境。 'crispy-forms' 也已添加到 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS 中。

以下是我的错误代码：

root@devvm:/tmp/tmc_site# gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8002 config.wsgi
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6333] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6333] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8002 (6333)
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6333] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6335] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 6335
[2022-02-04 04:03:07 +0500] [6335] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 589, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 134, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 146, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 58, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 48, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 359, in import_app
    mod = importlib.import_module(module)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 848, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/tmp/tmc_site/config/wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
    application = get_wsgi_application()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 12, in get_wsgi_application
    django.setup(set_prefix=False)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 223, in create
    import_module(entry)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 973, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'crispy_forms'
[2022-02-04 04:03:07 +0500] [6335] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 6335)
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6333] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2022-02-03 23:03:07 +0000] [6333] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.

这是我的项目结构，我已将配置文件的文件夹名称更改为“config”。

tmc_site
    -- .
    -- ..
    -- assets
    -- config
        -- asgi.py
        -- __init__.py
        -- __pycache__
        -- settings.py
        -- urls.py
        -- wsgi.py
    -- db.json
    -- db.sqlite3
    - .git
    -- .gitattributes
    -- .gitignore
    -- manage.py
    -- requirements.txt
    -- static
    -- venv
    -- website

以下是我在文件中的 wsgi 相关内容：

settings.py：WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application'

wsgi.py:

import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()

任何帮助将不胜感激。

【问题讨论】：

你有配置文件吗？ Procfile?
@NixonSparrow 不，我没有。这是一个简单的 Django 项目和标准配置。我唯一改变的是settings.py要配置/的文件夹的名称。没有 .env 或其他文件

标签： python django gunicorn wsgi

【解决方案1】：

从报错信息可以看出系统安装gunicorn尝试使用/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/中的全局Python环境，而不是/tmp/tmc_site/venv目录下的项目特定虚拟环境。

在venv 虚拟环境中安装gunicorn，所以在你激活它之后，gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8002 config.wsgi 命令将使用具有正确环境的本地环境。你也可以通过./venv/bin/gunicorn直接从虚拟环境调用gunicorn。

【讨论】：