Ruby on Rails 和 Sql Server（不兼容的字符编码：UTF-8 和 ASCII-8BIT）答案

【问题标题】：Ruby on Rails with Sql Server (incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and ASCII-8BIT)Ruby on Rails 和 Sql Server（不兼容的字符编码：UTF-8 和 ASCII-8BIT）
【发布时间】：2013-07-31 19:59:45
【问题描述】：

有没有办法在 Ruby On Rails 3 中将字符串编码分配给 UTF-8？

数据库服务器：Windows Server 2008 R2

PC：Debian Squeeze。

我使用 Sql Server 2008 和 ODBC 并找到 (config/database.yml)：

development:
  adapter: sqlserver
  host: 192.168.0.13\SQLDEVELOPMENT
  mode: odbc
  dsn: development
  database: railsDev
  username: developerRails
  password: secret
  encoding: utf8

宝石文件：

...
gem 'tiny_tds'
gem 'activerecord-sqlserver-adapter'

freetds.cfg：

[global]
        tds version = 4.2

[development]
        host = 192.168.0.13
        port = 3341
        intance = SQLDEVELOPMENT
        tds version = 8.0

我的问题是这样的：

incompatible character encodings: UTF-8 and ASCII-8BIT

Extracted source (around line #28):

26:     <td><%= machine.id_maq %></td>
27:     <td><%= machine.cod_maq %></td>
28:     <td><%= machine.eqp_maq %></td> <!-- string -->
29:     <td><%= machine.mar_maq %></td>
30:     <td><%= machine.mod_maq %></td>
31:     <td><%= machine.ser_maq %></td>

完整的跟踪：

activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb:135:in `concat'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb:135:in `concat'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/buffers.rb:11:in `<<'
app/views/machines/index.html.erb:28:in `block in _app_views_machines_index_html_erb__522342465_91242820'
app/views/machines/index.html.erb:23:in `each'
app/views/machines/index.html.erb:23:in `_app_views_machines_index_html_erb__522342465_91242820'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/template.rb:145:in `block in render'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:125:in `instrument'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/template.rb:143:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:47:in `block (2 levels) in render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:38:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:123:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:123:in `instrument'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:38:in `instrument'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:46:in `block in render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:54:in `render_with_layout'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:45:in `render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:18:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:36:in `render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:17:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:110:in `_render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb:225:in `_render_template'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:103:in `render_to_body'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/renderers.rb:28:in `render_to_body'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/compatibility.rb:50:in `render_to_body'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:88:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:16:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:40:in `block (2 levels) in render'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:5:in `block in ms'
/home/fhidalgo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/2.0.0/benchmark.rb:296:in `realtime'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:5:in `ms'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:40:in `block in render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:83:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
activerecord (3.2.13) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:24:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:39:in `render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:10:in `default_render'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/mime_responds.rb:196:in `respond_to'
app/controllers/machines_controller.rb:8:in `index'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:167:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:10:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:18:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:414:in `_run__557110257__process_action__673728653__callbacks'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:17:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:29:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `block in process_action'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:123:in `block in instrument'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:123:in `instrument'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:29:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:207:in `process_action'
activerecord (3.2.13) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:18:in `process_action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:121:in `process'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:45:in `process'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:203:in `dispatch'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:14:in `dispatch'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:246:in `block in action'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:73:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:73:in `dispatch'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:36:in `call'
journey (1.0.4) lib/journey/router.rb:68:in `block in call'
journey (1.0.4) lib/journey/router.rb:56:in `each'
journey (1.0.4) lib/journey/router.rb:56:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:612:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/best_standards_support.rb:17:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/etag.rb:23:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:25:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/head.rb:14:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:21:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:242:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:210:in `context'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:205:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:341:in `call'
activerecord (3.2.13) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:64:in `call'
activerecord (3.2.13) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:479:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:28:in `block in call'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `_run__680852545__call__737805886__callbacks'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_call_callbacks'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:65:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:31:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:16:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:56:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:32:in `call_app'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `block in call'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:22:in `tagged'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:22:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
activesupport (3.2.13) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/lock.rb:15:in `call'
actionpack (3.2.13) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:63:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/engine.rb:479:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/application.rb:223:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
railties (3.2.13) lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:in `call'
rack (1.4.5) lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:59:in `service'
/home/fhidalgo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/2.0.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:138:in `service'
/home/fhidalgo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/2.0.0/webrick/httpserver.rb:94:in `run'
/home/fhidalgo/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/2.0.0/webrick/server.rb:295:in `block in start_thread'

This does not help me at all.

我输入了这个：28: <td><%= machine.eqp_maq.force_encoding("UTF-8") %></td> 并且可以工作，但我在整个项目中都需要这个。

我需要强制字符串编码为 UTF-8，可以吗？

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails-3 sql-server-2008 freetds unixodbc tiny-tds

【解决方案1】：

请不要使用旧的“odbc”连接模式。使用 TinyTds 时，您应该使用 'dblib' 模式：

发展：适配器：sqlserver 模式：dblib 主机：192.168.0.13\SQLDEVELOPMENT 数据库：railsDev 用户名：developerRails 密码：秘密

另请参阅：https://github.com/rails-sqlserver/activerecord-sqlserver-adapter/wiki/Using-TinyTds

【讨论】：

谢谢，但是如何配置 dblib？我使用 .odbcinst.ini [FreeTDS] 描述 = TDS 驱动程序 (Sybase/MS SQL) 驱动程序 = /usr/lib/odbc/libtdsodbc.so 设置 = /usr/lib/odbc/libtdsS.so CPTimeout = CPReuse = FileUsage = 1
您好，如果您必须重新安装 freetds.conf，我认为这是更复杂的设置，但现在工作正常。谢谢。

【解决方案2】：

确保您的所有视图，特别是那些将部署 UFT-8 字符的视图都以 UTF-8 编码。我用这种方式解决了 MySQL 的类似问题

【讨论】：

我曾经这样做magic_encoding。 cmd#magic_encoding "为54个源文件设置的魔法cmets"
我不知道，但 magic_enoding 并没有改变观点。我确实手动尝试过，但没有工作。

【解决方案3】：

我能够按如下方式修复错误：

在application.html.erb中：

<div class="body">
    <%= yield.force_encoding("UTF-8") %>
</div>

认为这不是最好的解决方案，但它确实有效。

【讨论】：