如何在 Pygame 中插入滑块？答案

【问题标题】：How to insert a slider in Pygame?如何在 Pygame 中插入滑块？
【发布时间】：2022-01-15 21:00:07
【问题描述】：

我目前正在 Python 上进行物理模拟，使用 Pygame 模拟室内的气体云。我的问题是我无法在我的代码中插入一个工作滑块来更改参数的值。我有一个运行模拟的“运行时”循环，当我想在其中插入一个工作滑块时，模拟停止。我不能同时使用模拟和滑块。

下面是滑块的代码：

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *

# set window size
width = 640
height = 100

# initilaise pygame
pygame.init()
windowSurfaceObj = pygame.display.set_mode((width,height),1,16)
redColor = pygame.Color(255,0,0)
blackColor = pygame.Color(0,0,0)

#starting position
x = 100
pygame.draw.rect(windowSurfaceObj,redColor,Rect(x,5,10,90))
pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(0,0,width,height))

s = 0
while s == 0:
    button = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
    if button[0] != 0:
       pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
       x = pos[0]
       y = pos[1]
       a = x - 5
       if a < 0:
          a = 0
       pygame.draw.rect(windowSurfaceObj,blackColor,Rect(0,0,width,height))
       #pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(0,0,width,height))
       pygame.draw.rect(windowSurfaceObj,redColor,Rect(a,5,10,90))
       pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(0,0,width,height))


   # check for ESC key pressed, or pygame window closed, to quit
    for event in pygame.event.get():
       if event.type == QUIT:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit()
       elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
          if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
             pygame.quit()
             sys.exit()

【问题讨论】：

标签： python slider pygame

【解决方案1】：

您可以复杂地使用响应鼠标事件的矩形和圆形创建自己的滑块，但我建议您改用 Kivy 滑块。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

滑块代码对我来说似乎很好，并且可以在我的计算机上运行。模拟代码是否在单独的 while 循环中？如果是这样，您必须将两个循环合二为一，因为滑块循环永远不会中断。

例如，如果滑块控制增长率，您可以这样写并将气体云绘制到windowSurfaceObj。为使其正常工作，您可以使windowSurfaceObj 更大，并为滑块和气体云设置两个单独的表面。在这种情况下，您将绘制到单独的表面并将单独的表面blit 到windowSurfaceObj。您还必须进行碰撞检测以确定鼠标是否在滑块内单击。

# imports and Pygame initialization here

a = 0
size_of_gas_cloud = 30

while True:

    if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0] != 0:
        # collision detection also needed here
        a = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] - 5
        if a < 0:
            a = 0

    size_of_gas_cloud += a

    pygame.draw.rect(windowSurfaceObj, blackColor, Rect(0, 0, width, height))
    pygame.draw.rect(windowSurfaceObj, redColor, Rect(a, 5, 10, 90))
    pygame.display.update()

    # Pygame event loop here

【讨论】：

问题是，如果我在主循环中组合滑块循环，模拟不会开始：只有滑块循环处于活动状态并且永远不会结束。如何将滑块循环集成到我的模拟中而不会卡在滑块循环中？感谢您的回答
为了让这个与 Pygame 一起工作，你应该只有一个循环，所有的模拟逻辑、鼠标事件处理和屏幕绘制都在其中发生。请参阅示例。此外，一切都必须发生在一个窗口中。您是否要制作一个带有滑块的弹出窗口？我认为这不适用于 Pygame。您可以通过编写自己的小部件来完成这项工作，但 Malik Brahimi 的回答中提到的库也值得考虑。

【解决方案3】：

我以自己的方式改进了原始代码。这里是。它是这样构建的，因此您只需使用两行代码来定义循环中的滑块（一行用于初始化它 (sliderInit())，另一行用于执行它 (slier())）。

import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1920, 1080))
# screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
screenColor = (255,255,255)
screen.fill(screenColor)
pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(0,0,1920,1080))

def slider(sx,sy,action,width,height,buttonColor,sliderColor,buttonBorderThickness,sliderBorderThickness,buttonWidth,sliderBarHeight,maxValue):
    if mouse[0] > sx and mouse[0] < sx+width and mouse[1] > sy and mouse[1] < sy+height:
        if click[0] == 1:
            mouseX = mouse[0] - 5
            if mouseX < sx:
                mouseX = sx
            elif mouseX > sx+width-buttonWidth:
                mouseX = sx+width-buttonWidth
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,screenColor,(sx,sy,width,height))
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderColor,(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight))
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,buttonColor,(mouseX,sy,buttonWidth,height))
            if buttonBorderThickness != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(mouseX,sy,buttonWidth,height),buttonBorderThickness)
            if sliderBorderThickness != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight),sliderBorderThickness)
            pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(sx,sy,width,height))
            
            if action == "test1":
                sliderValue = (mouseX-sx)/((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue)
                print("test1:")
                print(sliderValue)
            elif action == "test2":
                sliderValue = (mouseX-sx)/((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue)
                print("test2:")
                print(sliderValue)

def sliderInit(sx,sy,width,height,buttonColor,sliderColor,buttonBorderThickness,sliderBorderThickness,buttonWidth,sliderBarHeight,maxValue,startValue):
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,screenColor,(sx,sy,width,height))
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderColor,(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight))
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,buttonColor,(sx+startValue*((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue),sy,buttonWidth,height))
        if buttonBorderThickness != 0:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx+startValue*((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue),sy,buttonWidth,height),buttonBorderThickness)
        if sliderBorderThickness != 0:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight),sliderBorderThickness)
        pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(sx,sy,width,height))

firstLoop = True

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
    
    if firstLoop == True:
        sliderInit(100,50,1000,50,(255,255,255),(220,220,220),1,0,25,10,100,50)
        sliderInit(100,120,1000,50,(255,255,255),(220,220,220),1,0,25,10,100,50)
        firstLoop = False
    
    slider(100,50,"test1",1000,50,(255,255,255),(220,220,220),1,0,25,10,100)
    slider(100,120,"test2",1000,50,(255,255,255),(220,220,220),1,0,25,10,100)

这里也是创建一个有 10 个步骤的滑块的代码。

import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1920, 1080))
# screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
screenColor = (255,255,255)
screen.fill(screenColor)
pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(0,0,1920,1080))

def slider(sx,sy,width,height,action,
               buttonColor,buttonBorderThickness,buttonWidth,
               sliderBarColor,sliderBarBorderThickness,sliderBarHeight,
               sliderStepColor,sliderStepBorderThickness,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight,sliderStepSnap,
               maxValue):
    
    if mouse[0] > sx and mouse[0] < sx+width and mouse[1] > sy and mouse[1] < sy+height:
        if click[0] == 1:
            mouseX = mouse[0] - 5
            if mouseX < sx+sliderStepSnap:
                mouseX = sx
            
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+10*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+10*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+10*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+20*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+20*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+20*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2) 
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+30*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+30*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+30*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+40*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+40*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+40*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+50*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+50*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+50*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+60*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+60*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+60*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+70*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+70*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+70*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+80*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+80*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+80*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            elif mouseX > (round(sx+90*((width)/100))-sliderStepSnap) and mouseX < (round(sx+90*((width)/100))+sliderStepSnap):
                mouseX = round(sx+90*((width)/100)-buttonWidth/2)
            
            elif mouseX > sx+width-buttonWidth-sliderStepSnap:
                mouseX = sx+width-buttonWidth
            
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,screenColor,(sx,sy,width,height))
            
            for i in range(1,10):
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderStepColor,(round(sx+i*10*((width)/100)),sy+(height-sliderStepHeight)/2,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight))
                if sliderStepBorderThickness != 0:
                    pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(round(sx+i*10*((width)/100)),sy+(height-sliderStepHeight)/2,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight),sliderStepBorderThickness)
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderBarColor,(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight))
            
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,buttonColor,(mouseX,sy,buttonWidth,height))
            if buttonBorderThickness != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(mouseX,sy,buttonWidth,height),buttonBorderThickness)
            if sliderBarBorderThickness != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight),sliderBarBorderThickness)
            pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(sx,sy,width,height))
            
            if action == "test1":
                sliderValue = (mouseX-sx)/((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue)
                print("test1:")
                print(sliderValue)
            elif action == "test2":
                sliderValue = (mouseX-sx)/((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue)
                print("test2:")
                print(sliderValue)

def sliderInit(sx,sy,width,height,
               buttonColor,buttonBorderThickness,buttonWidth,
               sliderBarColor,sliderBarBorderThickness,sliderBarHeight,
               sliderStepColor,sliderStepBorderThickness,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight,
               maxValue,startValue):
        
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,screenColor,(sx,sy,width,height))
        
        for i in range(1,10):
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderStepColor,(round(sx+i*10*((width)/100)),sy+(height-sliderStepHeight)/2,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight))
            if sliderStepBorderThickness != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(round(sx+i*10*((width)/100)),sy+(height-sliderStepHeight)/2,sliderStepWidth,sliderStepHeight),sliderStepBorderThickness)
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,sliderBarColor,(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight))
    
        pygame.draw.rect(screen,buttonColor,(sx+startValue*((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue),sy,buttonWidth,height))
        if buttonBorderThickness != 0:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx+startValue*((width-buttonWidth)/maxValue),sy,buttonWidth,height),buttonBorderThickness)
        if sliderBarBorderThickness != 0:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,0,0),(sx,sy+height/2-sliderBarHeight/2,width,sliderBarHeight),sliderBorderThickness)
        pygame.display.update(pygame.Rect(sx,sy,width,height))

firstLoop = True

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                turnOffMotors()
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
    mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
    click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
    
    if firstLoop == True:
        sliderInit(100,50,1000,50,
               (255,255,255),1,25,
               (220,220,220),0,10,
               (0,0,0),0,5,40,
               100,50)
        sliderInit(100,120,1000,50,
               (255,255,255),1,25,
               (220,220,220),0,10,
               (0,0,0),0,5,40,
               100,50)
        firstLoop = False
    
    slider(100,50,1000,50,"test1",
           (255,255,255),1,25,
           (220,220,220),0,10,
           (0,0,0),0,5,40,30,
           100)
    slider(100,120,1000,50,"test2",
           (255,255,255),1,25,
           (220,220,220),0,10,
           (0,0,0),0,5,40,30,
           100)

【讨论】：

【解决方案4】：

我做了一个滑块，用作背景音乐的音量控制器

class Slider:
    def __init__(self, x, y, w, h):
        self.circle_x = x
        self.volume = 0
        self.sliderRect = pg.Rect(x, y, w, h)

    def draw(self, screen):
        pg.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), self.sliderRect)
        pg.draw.circle(screen, (255, 240, 255), (self.circle_x, (self.sliderRect.h / 2 + self.sliderRect.y)), self.sliderRect.h * 1.5)

    def get_volume(self):
        return self.volume

    def set_volume(self, num):
        self.volume = num

    def update_volume(self, x):
        if x < self.sliderRect.x:
            self.volume = 0
        elif x > self.sliderRect.x + self.sliderRect.w:
            self.volume = 100
        else:
            self.volume = int((x - self.sliderRect.x) / float(self.sliderRect.w) * 100)

    def on_slider(self, x, y):
        if self.on_slider_hold(x, y) or self.sliderRect.x <= x <= self.sliderRect.x + self.sliderRect.w and self.sliderRect.y <= y <= self.sliderRect.y + self.sliderRect.h:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def on_slider_hold(self, x, y):
        if ((x - self.circle_x) * (x - self.circle_x) + (y - (self.sliderRect.y + self.sliderRect.h / 2)) * (y - (self.sliderRect.y + self.sliderRect.h / 2)))\
               <= (self.sliderRect.h * 1.5) * (self.sliderRect.h * 1.5):
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def handle_event(self, screen, x):
        if x < self.sliderRect.x:
            self.circle_x = self.sliderRect.x
        elif x > self.sliderRect.x + self.sliderRect.w:
            self.circle_x = self.sliderRect.x + self.sliderRect.w
        else:
            self.circle_x = x
        self.draw(screen)
        self.update_volume(x)
        print(self.volume)

【讨论】：