在 SQL Server 中，我有一个包含开始时间和结束时间的进程表，我可以从中使用 DATEDIFF 计算持续时间。
Name StartTime EndTime
------------------------------------------------
process1 2016-10-10 11:10 2016-10-10 11:20
process2 2016-10-10 11:40 2016-10-10 12:30
如何以秒为单位选择在一天中的特定时间（11 和 12）发生的进程持续时间的时间跨度？
所以 process1 将是第 11 小时的 10 分钟。 process2 在第 11 小时是 20 分钟，在第 12 小时是 30 分钟。
【问题讨论】：
标签： sql-server sql-server-2008 tsql sql-server-2008-r2
以下示例将为每个源记录生成每小时记录。它使用递归 CTE 从每条记录的 StartTime 移动到 EndTime。它可能需要稍作修改才能使其适用于您的情况，但希望您能了解此方法的工作原理。
请注意，如下例所示，即使时间跨度跨越日期边界，它也能正常工作。
--==================================================================================
-- Do some quick setup to get a temporary table populated with data to use:
--==================================================================================
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#ProcessHistory', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #ProcessHistory;
CREATE TABLE #ProcessHistory (
Name VARCHAR(20),
StartTime DATETIME,
EndTime DATETIME
)
INSERT INTO #ProcessHistory
VALUES ('process1', '2016-10-10 11:10', '2016-10-10 11:20'),
('process2', '2016-10-10 11:40', '2016-10-10 12:30'),
('process3', '2016-10-10 22:21', '2016-10-11 02:36');
--==================================================================================
-- Use a recursive CTE to generate hourly data for each record:
--==================================================================================
WITH HourlyData AS (
-- Anchor:
SELECT
ph.Name [ProcessName],
ph.StartTime [StartTime],
ph.EndTime [EndTime],
-- Get the current hour with date:
DATEADD(MINUTE, -DATEPART(MINUTE, ph.StartTime), ph.StartTime) [CurrentHour],
-- Calculate the next hour for use later:
DATEADD(MINUTE, 60 - DATEPART(MINUTE, ph.StartTime), ph.StartTime) [NextHour],
-- Determine how many minutes the process was active this hour:
CASE
WHEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, ph.StartTime, ph.EndTime) > 60 - DATEPART(MINUTE, ph.StartTime)
THEN 60 - DATEPART(MINUTE, ph.StartTime)
ELSE DATEDIFF(MINUTE, ph.StartTime, ph.EndTime)
END [Minutes]
FROM #ProcessHistory ph
UNION ALL
-- Recurse:
SELECT
hd.ProcessName,
hd.StartTime,
hd.EndTime,
hd.NextHour [CurrentHour],
DATEADD(HOUR, 1, hd.NextHour) [NextHour],
-- Determine how many minutes the process was active this hour:
CASE
WHEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, hd.NextHour, hd.EndTime) < 60
THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, hd.NextHour, hd.EndTime)
ELSE 60
END
FROM HourlyData hd
WHERE hd.NextHour < hd.EndTime
)
SELECT
hd.ProcessName,
hd.CurrentHour [HourWithDate],
CONVERT(DATE, hd.CurrentHour) [Date],
DATEPART(HOUR, hd.CurrentHour) [Hour],
hd.Minutes
FROM HourlyData hd
ORDER BY
hd.ProcessName,
hd.CurrentHour;
上述示例的输出如下所示：
ProcessName HourWithDate Date Hour Minutes
process1 2016-10-10 11:00:00.000 2016-10-10 11 10
process2 2016-10-10 11:00:00.000 2016-10-10 11 20
process2 2016-10-10 12:00:00.000 2016-10-10 12 30
process3 2016-10-10 22:00:00.000 2016-10-10 22 39
process3 2016-10-10 23:00:00.000 2016-10-10 23 60
process3 2016-10-11 00:00:00.000 2016-10-11 0 60
process3 2016-10-11 01:00:00.000 2016-10-11 1 60
process3 2016-10-11 02:00:00.000 2016-10-11 2 36
【讨论】：
要处理一般情况，您可以尝试类似
--drop table #processes
CREATE TABLE #processes
(
name varchar(50),
StartTime Datetime,
EndTime DateTime
);
insert #processes VALUES('proc1','20161010 11:10','20161010 11:20');
insert #processes VALUES('proc2','20161010 11:40','20161010 12:20');
insert #processes VALUES('proc3','20161010 10:40','20161010 12:20');
;WITH HRS AS (SELECT 0 HR
UNION ALL
SELECT HR + 1 FROM HRS WHERE HR < 23),
MINS AS (SELECT 0 MN
UNION ALL
SELECT MN + 1 FROM MINS WHERE MN < 59),
TIMES AS (SELECT HR,MN FROM HRS CROSS JOIN MINS)
SELECT name,starttime,endtime,Count(0) AS mins FROM #processes
JOIN TIMES
ON (HR > datepart(hh,Starttime)
OR HR = datepart(hh,Starttime) AND MN >= datepart(n,STARTtIME))
AND
(HR < datepart(hh, EndTime)
OR HR = datepart(hh, EndTime) AND MN < datepart(n,EndTime))
WHERE HR = 11 --hour is 11
GROUP BY name,
starttime,
endtime
drop table #processes;
【讨论】：
create table #temp (Name varchar(5), starttime datetime, EndTime datetime)
insert into #temp values(1,'2016-10-10 11:10','2016-10-10 11:20' )
insert into #temp values(2,'2016-10-10 11:40','2016-10-10 12:30' )
insert into #temp values(2,'2016-10-10 10:40','2016-10-10 11:30' )
insert into #temp values(2,'2016-10-10 10:40','2016-10-10 12:30' )
DECLARE @firstTime time ,@secondTime time
set @firstTime ='11:00'
set @secondTime ='12:00'
select
CASE WHEN CONVERT(time(0), starttime) < @firstTime AND CONVERT(time(0), EndTime) > @secondTime THEN DATEDIFF(ss,@firstTime,@secondTime)
WHEN CONVERT(time(0), EndTime) > @secondTime THEN DATEDIFF(ss,CONVERT(time(0), starttime),@secondTime)
WHEN CONVERT(time(0), starttime) < @firstTime THEN DATEDIFF(ss,CONVERT(time(0), EndTime),@secondTime)
ELSE DATEDIFF(ss,starttime,EndTime)
END
from #temp
【讨论】：
SELECT CAST(DATEADD(MINUTE,DATEDIFF(MINUTE,'2016-10-10 11:10','2016-10-10 12:20'),'2011-01-01 00:00:00.000') AS TIME)
as timeDifference
有时间差-
SELECT CAST(DATEADD(MINUTE,DATEDIFF(MINUTE,StartTime,EndTime),'2011-01-01 00:00:00.000') AS TIME)
as timeDifference
from #YourTableName
有日期和时间差异
declare @start_time as varchar(150);
declare @end_time as varchar(150);
set @start_time='2016-10-10 10:10';
set @end_time='2016-10-12 12:10'
SELECT datediff(day,@start_time,@end_time) as dayDifference,
CAST(DATEADD(MINUTE,DATEDIFF(MINUTE,@start_time,@end_time),'2011-01-01 00:00:00') AS TIME(0))
as timeDifference
【讨论】：
我认为这可以解决问题，但它很丑陋。也许有人可以做得更优雅？
SELECT
case
when HOUR(starttime) < 11 AND HOUR(endtime) = 11 then minute(endtime)
when HOUR(starttime) < 11 AND HOUR(endtime) > 11 then 60
when HOUR(starttime) = 11 AND HOUR(endtime) = 11 then minute(endtime) - minute(starttime)
when HOUR(starttime) = 11 AND HOUR(endtime) > 11 then 60 - minute(starttime)
else 0
end AS ProcessTimeHour_11,
case
when HOUR(starttime) < 12 AND HOUR(endtime) = 12 then minute(endtime)
when HOUR(starttime) < 12 AND HOUR(endtime) > 12 then 60
when HOUR(starttime) = 12 AND HOUR(endtime) = 12 then minute(endtime) - minute(starttime)
when HOUR(starttime) = 12 AND HOUR(endtime) > 12 then 60 - minute(starttime)
else 0
end AS ProcessTimeHour_12
from StuffAndThings
【讨论】：