SSH 的 Bash/Expect 脚本

Question

我是 Expect 和一般脚本的新手。我正在尝试制作一些脚本，以便在提取网络设备配置时让我的生活更轻松。我设法创建了一个基本的 Expect 脚本以通过 SSH 连接到设备并保存配置。

我想对此进行扩展，并允许脚本连接到多个 IP 地址，而不是像我现在这样的一个。我有一个名为 list.txt 的文件，其中包含几个不同的 IP 地址，每个 IP 地址位于单独的一行。

我需要做什么才能让 Expect 脚本连接到每个 IP 地址并同时执行脚本中的其余任务？

这是我目前拥有的 Expect 脚本：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# Tells interpreter where the expect program is located.  This may need adjusting according to
# your specific environment.  Type ' which expect ' (without quotes) at a command prompt
# to find where it is located on your system and adjust the following line accordingly.
#
#
# Use the built in telnet program to connect to an IP and port number
spawn ssh 192.168.1.4 -l admin
#
# The first thing we should see is a User Name prompt
#expect "login as:"
#
# Send a valid username to the device
#send "admin"
#
# The next thing we should see is a Password prompt
expect "Password:"
#
# Send a valid password to the device
send "password\n"
#
# If the device automatically assigns us to a privileged level after successful logon,
# then we should be at an enable prompt
expect "Last login:"
#
# Tell the device to turn off paging
#
# After each command issued at the enable prompt, we expect the enable prompt again to tell us the
# command has executed and is ready for another command
expect "admin@"
#
# Turn off the paging
send "set cli pager off\n"
#
# Show us the running configuration on the screen
send "show config running\n"
#
# Set the date.
set date [timestamp -format %C%y%m%d]
#
# Test output sent to file with a timestamp on end
#-noappend will create a new file if one already exists
log_file -noappend /home/test.cfg$date
#
expect "admin@"
#
# Exit out of the network device
send "exit\n"
#
# The interact command is part of the expect script, which tells the script to hand off control to the user.
# This will allow you to continue to stay in the device for issuing future commands, instead of just closing
# the session after finishing running all the commands.`enter code here`
interact

我需要将它与 Bash 脚本集成吗？如果是这样，是否可以读取 list.txt 文件的一行，将其用作 IP 地址/主机变量，然后读取下一行并重复？

Answer 1

我会这样做（未经测试）：

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set logfile "/home/text.cfg[clock format [clock seconds] -format %Y%m%d]"
close [open $logfile w]         ;# truncate the logfile if it exists

set ip_file "list.txt"
set fid [open $ip_file r]

while {[gets $fid ip] != -1} {

    spawn ssh $ip -l admin
    expect "Password:"
    send "password\r"

    expect "admin@"
    send "set cli pager off\r"

    log_file $logfile
    send "show config running\r"

    expect "admin@"
    log_file 

    send "exit\r"
    expect eof

}
close $fid

注意事项：

• 为简洁起见，我删除了你所有的 cmets
• 使用\r 模拟您在send 命令时按回车。
• 我假设您只想记录“显示配置运行”输出
• 发送“退出”后使用expect eof

Answer 2

这是针对此问题的 Perl 版本：

安装说明：

cpan Expect

这个脚本非常适合我的需要。

参数一：连接字符串（例：admin@10.34.123.10）
参数二：明文密码
参数3：要执行的命令

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;

use Expect;

my $timeout = 1;

my $command = "ssh " . $ARGV[0] . " " . $ARGV[2];

#print " => $command\n";

my $exp = Expect->spawn($command) or die "Cannot spawn $command: $!\n";
$exp->raw_pty(1);

LOGIN:
$exp->expect($timeout,
        [ 'ogin: $' => sub {
                     $exp->send("luser\n");
                     exp_continue;
                }
        ],
        [ 'yes\/no\)\?\s*$' => sub {
                    $exp->send("yes\n");
                    goto LOGIN;
                }
        ],
        [ 'assword:\s*$' => sub {
                    $exp->send($ARGV[1]."\n");
                    #print "password send: ", $ARGV[1];
                    exp_continue;
                }
        ],
        '-re', qr'[#>:] $'
);
$exp->soft_close();

Answer 3

一种可能性是在您的 Expect 脚本中将 IP 地址作为参数传递：

set host_ip [lindex $argv 0]

然后制作一个 shell 脚本，在 while 循环中调用您的 Expect 脚本：

ips_file="list.txt"

while read line
do
    your_expect_script line
done < $ips_file

Answer 4

或者使用set ip [gets stdin]从用户输入的IP地址。

例如，

puts "Enter your IP address\n"
set ip [get stdin]

在spawn 中使用它。我们可以使用循环对多个 IP 地址执行相同的操作 -

spawn ssh $ip -l admin