如何使用 SSE 将 __m128i 寄存器乘以浮点因子？

Question

我遇到了将两个寄存器相乘的问题（或者只是通过float 常量进行寄存器）。一个寄存器是__m128i 类型，包含一个来自 16 个像素的 RGBA 像素颜色通道（16 个像素的数组作为参数发送到 CPP dll）。我想将此寄存器乘以常数以获得此通道的灰度值，并对存储在__m128i 寄存器中的其他通道执行此操作。

我认为使用 SIMD 将图像转换为灰度的一个好主意是使用此算法。

fY(R, G, B) ＝ R x 0.29891 + G x 0.58661 + B x 0.11448

我有以下代码，现在它只是将图像分解为通道并将其打包在一起以作为src 向量返回。现在我需要将其设为灰度 :)
src 变量是指向 unsigned char 数组的指针。

__m128i vecSrc = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*) &src[srcIndex]);

    __m128i maskR = _mm_setr_epi16(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0);
    __m128i maskG = _mm_setr_epi16(0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
    __m128i maskB = _mm_setr_epi16(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
    __m128i maskA = _mm_setr_epi16(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1);

    // Creating factors.
    const __m128i factorR = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.29891 * 0x10000));  //8 coefficients - R scale factor.
    const __m128i factorG = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.58661 * 0x10000));  //8 coefficients - G scale factor.
    const __m128i factorB = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.11448 * 0x10000));  //8 coefficients - B scale factor.

    __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();

    // Shifting higher part of src register to lower.
    __m128i vectSrcLowInHighPart = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(vecSrc);
    __m128i vectSrcHighInHighPart = _mm_unpackhi_epi8(vecSrc, zero); 

    // Multiply high parts of 16 x uint8 vectors by channels masks and save lower half. Getting each channels separatly (in two parts H and L)
    __m128i vecR_L = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcLowInHighPart, maskR);
    __m128i vecG_L = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcLowInHighPart, maskG);
    __m128i vecB_L = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcLowInHighPart, maskB);
    __m128i vecA_L = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcLowInHighPart, maskA);

    // Multiply lower parts of 16 x uint8 vectors by channels masks and save lower half.
    __m128i vecR_H = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcHighInHighPart, maskR);
    __m128i vecG_H = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcHighInHighPart, maskG);
    __m128i vecB_H = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcHighInHighPart, maskB);
    __m128i vecA_H = _mm_mullo_epi16(vectSrcHighInHighPart, maskA);

    // Lower and high masks using to packing.
    __m128i maskLo = _mm_set_epi8(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0);
    __m128i maskHi = _mm_set_epi8(14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80);

    // Packed the High and Lowe part of register into one 16 x 8bit registers of each channels.
    __m128i R = _mm_or_si128(_mm_shuffle_epi8(vecR_L, maskLo), _mm_shuffle_epi8(vecR_H, maskHi));
    __m128i G = _mm_or_si128(_mm_shuffle_epi8(vecG_L, maskLo), _mm_shuffle_epi8(vecG_H, maskHi));
    __m128i B = _mm_or_si128(_mm_shuffle_epi8(vecB_L, maskLo), _mm_shuffle_epi8(vecB_H, maskHi));
    __m128i A = _mm_or_si128(_mm_shuffle_epi8(vecA_L, maskLo), _mm_shuffle_epi8(vecA_H, maskHi));

    // Added all sub vectors to get in result one 128-bit vector with all edited channels.
    __m128i resultVect = _mm_add_epi8(_mm_add_epi8(R, G), _mm_add_epi8(B, A));

    // Put result vector into array to return as src pointer.
    _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i*)&src[srcIndex], resultVect);

感谢您的帮助！这是我的第一个带有 SIMD (SSE) 指令的程序。

Answer 1

根据我的问题，我创建了一个解决方案。还有一个项目，我正在学习使用 SSE 指令时寄存器是如何工作的。

// Function displaying only registers with 16 x uInt8. And message.
void printRegister(__m128i registerToprint, const string &msg) {
    unsigned char tab_debug[16] = { 0 };
    unsigned char *dest = tab_debug;

    _mm_store_si128((__m128i*)&dest[0], registerToprint);

    cout << msg << endl;
    cout << "\/\/\/\/ LO \/\/\/\/" << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
        cout << dec << (unsigned int)dest[i] << endl;

    cout << "/\/\/\/\ HI /\/\/\/" << endl;
}

int main()
{
    // Example array as 128-bit register with 16xuInt8. That represent each channel of pixel in BGRA configuration.
    unsigned char tab[] = { 100,200,250,255, 101,201,251,255, 102,202,252,255, 103,203,253,255 };

    // A pointer to source tab for simulate dll parameters reference.
    unsigned char *src = tab;

    // Start index of src t
    int srcIndex = 0;

    // How to define float numbers as integer of uInt16 type.
    const __m128i r_coef = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.2989*32768.0 + 0.5));
    const __m128i g_coef = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.5870*32768.0 + 0.5));
    const __m128i b_coef = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(0.1140*32768.0 + 0.5));

    // vecSrc - source vector (BGRA BGRA BGRA BGRA).
    // Load data from tab[] into 128-bit register starting from adress at pointer src. (From 0 index so load all 16 elements x 8bit).
    __m128i vecSrc = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*) &src[srcIndex]);

    // Shuffle to configuration A0A1A2A3_R0R1R2R3_G0G1G2G3_B0B1B2B3
    // Not revers so mask is read from left (Lo) to right (Hi). And counting from righ in srcVect (Lo).
    __m128i shuffleMask = _mm_set_epi8(15, 11, 7, 3, 14, 10, 6, 2, 13, 9, 5, 1, 12, 8, 4, 0);
    __m128i AAAA_R0RRR_G0GGG_B0BBB = _mm_shuffle_epi8(vecSrc, shuffleMask);

    // Put B0BBB in lower part.
    __m128i B0_XXX = _mm_slli_si128(AAAA_R0RRR_G0GGG_B0BBB, 12);
    __m128i XXX_B0 = _mm_srli_si128(B0_XXX, 12);

    // Put G0GGG in Lower part.
    __m128i G0_B_XX = _mm_slli_si128(AAAA_R0RRR_G0GGG_B0BBB, 8);
    __m128i XXX_G0 = _mm_srli_si128(G0_B_XX, 12);

    // Put R0RRR in Lower part.
    __m128i R0_G_XX = _mm_slli_si128(AAAA_R0RRR_G0GGG_B0BBB, 4);
    __m128i XXX_R0 = _mm_srli_si128(R0_G_XX, 12);

    // Unpack uint8 elements to uint16 elements.
    // The sequence in uInt8 is like (Hi) XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX (Lo) where X represent uInt8.
    // In uInt16 is like (Hi) X_X_ X_X_ X_X_ X_X_ (Lo)
    __m128i B0BBB = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(XXX_B0);
    __m128i G0GGG = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(XXX_G0);
    __m128i R0RRR = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(XXX_R0);

    // Multiply epi16 registers.
    __m128i B0BBB_mul = _mm_mulhrs_epi16(B0BBB, b_coef);
    __m128i G0GGG_mul = _mm_mulhrs_epi16(G0GGG, g_coef);
    __m128i R0RRR_mul = _mm_mulhrs_epi16(R0RRR, r_coef);

    __m128i BGR_gray = _mm_add_epi16(_mm_add_epi16(B0BBB_mul, G0GGG_mul), R0RRR_mul);

    __m128i grayMsk = _mm_setr_epi8(0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6);
    __m128i vectGray = _mm_shuffle_epi8(BGR_gray, grayMsk);

    printRegister(vectGray, "Gray");
}

它是如何工作的

unsigned char tab[] 包含 16 x uInt8 元素以填充一个 128 位寄存器。该阵列模拟一个 8 像素的通道在 BGRA 配置上。

void printRegister(__m128i registerToprint, const string &msg);

此函数用于将十进制寄存器值打印为控制台中的参数发送。

如果有人想测试它，完整的项目可以在 gitHub 上找到：Full project demo gitHub

希望所有的cmet都是有效的，如果不是，请指正：）谢谢支持。