如何在 VBA Excel 中以良好的格式显示我的 JSON 对象答案

【问题标题】：how to display my JSON object in good format in VBA Excel如何在 VBA Excel 中以良好的格式显示我的 JSON 对象
【发布时间】：2020-01-03 07:53:36
【问题描述】：

我知道当 Json 是“简单”时（当它只是内部的字符串时）在单元格 Excel 中显示我的 Parse Json，但现在我有字符串、对象和数组，我有点迷路了.. 我的 json 如下：

[
    {
        "name": null,
        "type": null,
        "actions": [],
        "screen": null,
        "container": null,
        "sysid": 5,
        "uftitem": null
    },
    {
        "name": null,
        "type": null,
        "actions": [],
        "screen": null,
        "container": null,
        "sysid": 6,
        "uftitem": null
    },
    {
        "name": "UTProject5",
        "type": "type",
        "actions": [
            {
                "name": "UTProject",
                "description": "UTProject",
                "pattern": "UTProject",
                "isCheck": true,
                "sysid": 1,
                "uftaction": {
                    "sysid_uftAction": 2,
                    "code": "code uft",
                    "maxTime": 10,
                    "nbCycle": 20
                }
            },
            {
                "name": "UTProject2",
                "description": "UTProject",
                "pattern": "UTProject",
                "isCheck": true,
                "sysid": 3,
                "uftaction": {
                    "sysid_uftAction": 4,
                    "code": "code uft",
                    "maxTime": 10,
                    "nbCycle": 20
                }
            }
        ],
        "screen": {
            "name": null,
            "type": null,
            "actions": [],
            "screen": null,
            "container": null,
            "sysid": 5,
            "uftitem": null
        },
        "container": {
            "name": null,
            "type": null,
            "actions": [],
            "screen": null,
            "container": null,
            "sysid": 6,
            "uftitem": null
        },
        "sysid": 7,
        "uftitem": {
            "code": "code",
            "parentCode": "tooooz",
            "sysid": 8
        }
    },
    {
        "name": "UTProject6",
        "type": "type",
        "actions": [
            {
                "name": "UTProject",
                "description": "UTProject",
                "pattern": "UTProject",
                "isCheck": true,
                "sysid": 1,
                "uftaction": {
                    "sysid_uftAction": 2,
                    "code": "code uft",
                    "maxTime": 10,
                    "nbCycle": 20
                }
            },
            {
                "name": "UTProject2",
                "description": "UTProject",
                "pattern": "UTProject",
                "isCheck": true,
                "sysid": 3,
                "uftaction": {
                    "sysid_uftAction": 4,
                    "code": "code uft",
                    "maxTime": 10,
                    "nbCycle": 20
                }
            }
        ],
        "screen": {
            "name": null,
            "type": null,
            "actions": [],
            "screen": null,
            "container": null,
            "sysid": 5,
            "uftitem": null
        },
        "container": {
            "name": null,
            "type": null,
            "actions": [],
            "screen": null,
            "container": null,
            "sysid": 6,
            "uftitem": null
        },
        "sysid": 9,
        "uftitem": {
            "code": null,
            "parentCode": null,
            "sysid": 10
        }
    }
]

我想访问我想要的并在单元格中显示它，但我不知道在数组和对象中的访问。

谢谢大家！

【问题讨论】：

标签： json excel vba

【解决方案1】：

一般：

您可以使用以下代码清空整个内容，该代码使用JSON converter：

注意：

我正在从工作表中读取 JSON 字符串并通过 JSONConverter 存储在对象中。初始对象是一个集合。我使用TypeName function* 循环该集合和每个嵌套级别，以确定每个级别存储的对象。然后我使用Select Case 适当地处理这些对象。

更有效的方法是设计一个可重用的类来处理这个问题。我在 SO 上看到了其他一些问题。

_{* VarType 实际上更健壮}

JSON 示例

输出到即时窗口的示例代码：

您可以通过将Debug.Print 语句替换为工作表范围的分配来选择写入单元格的方式。

VBA：

Option Explicit
Public Sub GetInfoFromSheet()
    Dim jsonStr As String
    jsonStr = [A1]                               '<== read in from sheet
    Dim json As Object
    Set json = JsonConverter.ParseJson(jsonStr)

    Dim i As Long, j As Long, key As Variant
    For i = 1 To json.Count
        For Each key In json(i).keys
            Select Case key
            Case "name", "type"
                Debug.Print key & " " & json(i)(key)
            Case Else
                Select Case TypeName(json(i)(key))
                Case "Dictionary"
                    Dim key2 As Variant
                    For Each key2 In json(i)(key)
                        Select Case TypeName(json(i)(key)(key2))
                        Case "Collection"
                            Dim k As Long
                            For k = 1 To json(i)(key)(key2).Count
                                Debug.Print key & " " & key2 & " " & json(i)(key)(key2)(k)
                            Next k
                        Case Else
                            Debug.Print key & " " & key2 & " " & json(i)(key)(key2)
                        End Select
                    Next key2
                Case "Collection"
                    For j = 1 To json(i)(key).Count '<== "actions"
                        Dim key3 As Variant
                        For Each key3 In json(i)(key)(j).keys
                            Select Case TypeName(json(i)(key)(j)(key3))
                            Case "String", "Boolean", "Double"
                                Debug.Print key & " " & key3 & " " & json(i)(key)(j)(key3)
                            Case Else
                                Dim key4 As Variant
                                For Each key4 In json(i)(key)(j)(key3).keys
                                    Debug.Print key & " " & key3 & " " & key4 & " " & json(i)(key)(j)(key3)(key4)
                                Next key4
                            End Select
                        Next key3
                    Next j
                Case Else
                    Debug.Print key & " " & json(i)(key)
                End Select
            End Select
        Next key
    Next i
End Sub

tl;博士;教程点：

所以上面的内容可能有点完整，因为它没有太多解释就得到了一切。下面，我们将更详细地了解如何通过相关的 VBA 来定位其中的一些 JSON 和“对话”。

为此，您可以使用在线 JSON 解析器更清楚地查看 JSON 的结构。我将您的JSON 字符串发布到Json Parser Online，然后检查了String/parseJS eval 中的结构；左侧部分。还有其他可用的工具。

首先要注意的是开头"["。您可以在下面看到的第一个。

这表示Collection 对象，它是您使用JsonConverter 转换时的JSON 字符串。其他所有内容都嵌套在这个开头的 "[" 括号和最后的结尾对应方之间。

接下来要注意的是，这是字典的集合，因此在其中形成“组”的所有内容都是字典。

看到表示字典开头的"{"了吗？

字典有"name","type","actions"等键。

最初的观察是很多这些信息是空的，即。 null。我们可以通过IsNull 测试忽略这些（我选择基于"name" 字段执行此操作）：

If Not IsNull(json(i)("name"))

我们还可以看到"actions"，在"name" 不是null 的字典中，包含另一个字典集合。如前所述，您会看到"[" 后跟"{"。

我们可以看到每个内部字典都有"name", "description"等键。我们还可以看到它们的值是不同的数据类型。

观察JSON 结构中的"actions"，您可以看到这些是（使用示例字典）：

字符串"name":"UTProject"
字符串"description":"UTProject"
字符串“pattern":"UTProject"
布尔值"isCheck":true
双"sysid":1
字典"uftaction" 'keys of ==> "sysid_uftAction":2,"code":"code uft","maxTime":10,"nbCycle":20

所以，我们可以使用Select Case来处理数据类型，通过TypeName进行测试

对于原始的布尔、字符串和双精度数据类型，我们可以简单地使用键打印它们，例如

json(i)("actions")(j)("isCheck")

这将是 True 或 False. i 和 j 的布尔结果，它们是外部和内部集合循环中当前位置的索引。

对于字典"uftaction"，我们可以遍历它的键：

For Each key2 In json(i)("actions")(j)(key).keys 
    Debug.Print "actions " & key & " " & key2 & " " & json(i)("actions")(j)(key)(key2)
Next key2

您当然可以使用密钥名称访问，而无需在最后的密钥上循环，例如：

json(i)("actions")(j)(key)("maxTime")

在整个过程中，您可以通过索引而不是循环访问特定位置，这样i 和j 将被直接替换为数值。并且key, key2 等可以替换为任何给定 key 的实际文字字符串。

希望这能给你更多的见解。

VBA：

Option Explicit
Public Sub GetInfoFromJSON()
    Dim jsonStr As String
    jsonStr = [A1]                               '<== read in from sheet
    Dim json As Object, i As Long
    Set json = JsonConverter.ParseJson(jsonStr) '<==This is a collection verified by Debug.Print TypeName(JSON)
    For i = 1 To json.Count
        If Not IsNull(json(i)("name")) Then
            'ignore the null names which have sys id only populated
            Debug.Print "name" & " " & json(i)("name")
            Debug.Print "type" & " " & json(i)("type")
            Dim j As Long
            For j = 1 To json(i)("actions").Count 'actions are a collection of dictionaries
                Dim key As Variant
                For Each key In json(i)("actions")(j).keys 'dictionary
                    'observing actions in the JSON structure you can see there are:
                    '                    String  "name":"UTProject"
                    'String "description":"UTProject",
                    'String "pattern":"UTProject",
                    'Boolean "isCheck":true,
                    'Double "sysid":1,
                    'Dictionary "uftaction" '==> "sysid_uftAction":2,"code":"code uft","maxTime":10,"nbCycle":20
                    'So we can use Select Case to handle the data type by testing with TypeName
                    Select Case TypeName(json(i)("actions")(j)(key))
                    Case "String", "Boolean", "Double" '<==good to go nothing extra needed
                        Debug.Print "actions " & key & " " & json(i)("actions")(j)(key)
                    Case Else                    ' we are dealing with uftaction which we know is a dictionary
                        Dim key2 As Variant
                        For Each key2 In json(i)("actions")(j)(key).keys '<==We know now we are looping the uftaction dictionary which has keys "sysid_uftAction","code","maxTime","nbCycle"
                            Debug.Print "actions " & key & " " & key2 & " " & json(i)("actions")(j)(key)(key2)
                        Next key2
                    End Select
                Next key
            Next j
        End If
    Next i
End Sub

【讨论】：

好帖子。非常彻底，而且VBA+JSON资源有限，这样的东西对很多人都有用

【解决方案2】：

看看下面的例子。 将JSON.bas模块导入VBA项目进行JSON处理。

Option Explicit

Sub Test()

    Dim sJSONString As String
    Dim vJSON
    Dim sState As String
    Dim aData()
    Dim aHeader()
    Dim vResult

    ' Read JSON sample from file C:\Test\sample.json
    sJSONString = ReadTextFile("C:\Test\sample.json", 0)
    ' Parse JSON sample
    JSON.Parse sJSONString, vJSON, sState
    If sState = "Error" Then
        MsgBox "Invalid JSON"
        End
    End If
    ' Convert raw JSON to 2d array and output to worksheet #1
    JSON.ToArray vJSON, aData, aHeader
    With Sheets(1)
        .Cells.Delete
        .Cells.WrapText = False
        OutputArray .Cells(1, 1), aHeader
        Output2DArray .Cells(2, 1), aData
        .Columns.AutoFit
    End With
    ' Flatten JSON
    JSON.Flatten vJSON, vResult
    ' Convert flattened JSON to 2d array and output to worksheet #2
    JSON.ToArray vResult, aData, aHeader
    With Sheets(2)
        .Cells.Delete
        .Cells.WrapText = False
        OutputArray .Cells(1, 1), aHeader
        Output2DArray .Cells(2, 1), aData
        .Columns.AutoFit
    End With
    MsgBox "Completed"

End Sub

Sub OutputArray(oDstRng As Range, aCells As Variant)

    With oDstRng
        .Parent.Select
        With .Resize(1, UBound(aCells) - LBound(aCells) + 1)
            .NumberFormat = "@"
            .Value = aCells
        End With
    End With

End Sub

Sub Output2DArray(oDstRng As Range, aCells As Variant)

    With oDstRng
        .Parent.Select
        With .Resize( _
                UBound(aCells, 1) - LBound(aCells, 1) + 1, _
                UBound(aCells, 2) - LBound(aCells, 2) + 1)
            .NumberFormat = "@"
            .Value = aCells
        End With
    End With

End Sub

Function ReadTextFile(sPath As String, lFormat As Long) As String

    ' lFormat -2 - System default, -1 - Unicode, 0 - ASCII
    With CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").OpenTextFile(sPath, 1, False, lFormat)
        ReadTextFile = ""
        If Not .AtEndOfStream Then ReadTextFile = .ReadAll
        .Close
    End With

End Function

顺便说一句，类似的方法适用于in other answers。

【讨论】：