Gradle 无法使用 Java 17 运行单元测试答案

【问题标题】：Gradle not able to run unit tests with Java 17Gradle 无法使用 Java 17 运行单元测试
【发布时间】：2022-01-21 11:53:32
【问题描述】：

当尝试将 Java 17 与 Kotlin 一起使用时，我在尝试运行测试时遇到了以下问题。似乎测试类是使用 Java 17 编译的，但 Gradle 正在尝试使用 Java 11 运行那些。该项目是一个简单的项目，它是使用start.spring.io 生成的

org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.TestSuiteExecutionException: Could not execute test class 'com.test.auth.AuthApplicationTests'.
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:53)
    at java.base@11.0.2/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base@11.0.2/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base@11.0.2/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base@11.0.2/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker$2.run(TestWorker.java:176)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:133)
    at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:71)
    at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
    at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/test/auth/AuthApplicationTests has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 61.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 55.0
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1016)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:174)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:802)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:700)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:623)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:581)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:178)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:398)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.loadClass(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:110)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.access$100(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:54)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.execute(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:89)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.execute(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:79)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.java:62)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:51)
    ... 18 more

这就是build.gradle.kts 的样子：

import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile

plugins {
  id("org.springframework.boot") version "2.6.2"
  id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.0.11.RELEASE"
  kotlin("jvm") version "1.6.10"
  kotlin("plugin.spring") version "1.6.10"
}

group = "com.test"
version = "0.0.1-SNAPSHOT"
java.sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17

repositories {
  mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator")
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security")
  implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-webflux")
  implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-kotlin")
  implementation("io.projectreactor.kotlin:reactor-kotlin-extensions")
  implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect")
  implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8")
  implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-reactor")
  developmentOnly("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test")
  testImplementation("io.projectreactor:reactor-test")
  testImplementation("org.springframework.security:spring-security-test")
}

tasks.withType<KotlinCompile> {
  kotlinOptions {
    freeCompilerArgs = listOf("-Xjsr305=strict")
    jvmTarget = "17"
  }
}

tasks.withType<Test> {
  useJUnitPlatform()
}

这是失败的测试文件：

package com.test.auth

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest

@SpringBootTest
class AuthApplicationTests {

  @Test
  fun contextLoads() {
  }

}

我已经正确设置了所有环境变量。 JAVA_HOME 和 JRE_HOME 都正确设置为版本 17。

【问题讨论】：

据我所知，Gradle 在后台启动了一个守护进程。如果此守护进程已启动，我不确定 gradle 是否能够使用 Java 17 检测并重新启动守护进程。因此，我建议终止该守护进程并重试。还要确保 PATH 中的 java 不指向旧版本。
Robert 试过但没有帮助。

标签： spring spring-boot kotlin gradle-kotlin-dsl java-17

【解决方案1】：

尝试使用toolchain 进行JVM 目标配置（而不是java.sourceCompatibility 和kotlinOptions.jvmTarget）。这将使您的构建独立于运行 Gradle 本身的 JVM 版本：

kotlin {
    jvmToolchain {
        (this as JavaToolchainSpec).languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(17))
    }
}

【讨论】：

Михаил Нафталь 出现以下错误The new Java toolchain feature cannot be used at the project level in combination with source and/or target compatibility

【解决方案2】：

在测试中添加以下配置后问题得到解决。

tasks.withType<Test> {
    useJUnitPlatform()
    val javaToolchains = project.extensions.getByType<JavaToolchainService>()
    javaLauncher.set(javaToolchains.launcherFor {
        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(17))
    })
}

查看 JetBrains 有关 Gradle JVM toolchain support in the Kotlin plugin 的文档后。 Gradle 根据规范使用它来检测本地安装的 JDK 或 JRE 或下载请求的。添加以下配置解决了测试的问题。

【讨论】：