【问题标题】:bean autowiring in spring framworkSpring框架中的bean自动装配
【发布时间】:2019-01-15 20:08:03
【问题描述】:

我正在尝试从 Pro Spring 5 Book 中学习 Spring。

这是一个我不理解的自动装配示例:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="fooOne" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Foo"/>
    <bean id="barOne" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Bar"/>

    <bean id="targetByName" autowire="byName" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Target"
        lazy-init="true"/>

    <bean id="targetByType" autowire="byType" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Target"
        lazy-init="true"/>

    <bean id="targetConstructor" autowire="constructor" 
        class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Target" lazy-init="true"/>
</beans>

Tarjet 类

package com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml;

import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;

public class Target {
    private Foo fooOne;
    private Foo fooTwo;
    private Bar bar;

    public Target() {
    }

    public Target(Foo foo) {
        System.out.println("Target(Foo) called");
    }

    public Target(Foo foo, Bar bar) {
        System.out.println("Target(Foo, Bar) called");
    }

    public void setFooOne(Foo fooOne) {
        this.fooOne = fooOne;
        System.out.println("Property fooOne set");
    }

    public void setFooTwo(Foo foo) {
        this.fooTwo = foo;
        System.out.println("Property fooTwo set");
    }

    public void setBar(Bar bar) {
        this.bar = bar;
        System.out.println("Property bar set");
    }

    public static void main(String... args) {
        GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();
        ctx.load("classpath:spring/app-context-03.xml");
        ctx.refresh();

        Target t = null;

        System.out.println("Using byName:\n");
        t = (Target) ctx.getBean("targetByName");

        System.out.println("\nUsing byType:\n");
        t = (Target) ctx.getBean("targetByType");

        System.out.println("\nUsing constructor:\n");
        t = (Target) ctx.getBean("targetConstructor");

        ctx.close();

    }
}

Foo 类

package com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml;

public class Foo {

}

酒吧类

package com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml;

public class Bar {

}

我不明白的:

<bean id="targetByName" autowire="byName" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Target"
        lazy-init="true"/>

知道我们没有在 bean 定义中使用任何属性或构造函数注入,如何注入 Target 属性 (fooOne,fooTwo,bar)?

通常我们应该有类似的东西:

 <property name = "fooOne">
         <bean id = "fooOne" class = "com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Foo"/>
      </property>

【问题讨论】:

  • “财产注入”到底是什么意思?这不是通常使用的术语。
  • 我的意思是使用setter方法。

标签: java spring dependency-injection autowired


【解决方案1】:
<bean id="targetByName" autowire="byName" class="com.apress.prospring5.ch3.xml.Target"
lazy-init="true"/>

因为它将自动连线模式声明为“byName”,它具有以下行为(取自docs):

按属性名称自动装配。 Spring寻找一个相同的bean 名称作为需要自动装配的属性。例如,如果一个 bean 定义设置为按名称自动装配,它包含一个主 属性(也就是说,它有一个 setMaster(..) 方法),Spring 寻找一个 名为 master 的 bean 定义并使用它来设置属性。

也就是说它是setter注入。

回到你的例子,因为Target 有以下设置器,spring 将执行以下注入:

public class Target {

    // Find a bean which name is "fooOne" , and call this setter to inject 
    public void setFooOne(Foo fooOne) {}

    // Find a bean which name is "fooTwo" , and call this setter to inject (As no beans called fooTwo in your example , it will be null) 
    public void setFooTwo(Foo foo) {}

    //Find a bean which name is "bar" , and call this setter to inject (As no beans called bar in your example  , it will be null)   
    public void setBar(Bar bar) {}      
}

当然,如果 bean 的类型与 setter 参数的类型不匹配,就会发生异常。

【讨论】:

    猜你喜欢
    • 2023-03-03
    • 2016-09-27
    • 1970-01-01
    • 2011-01-23
    • 1970-01-01
    • 2020-09-09
    • 2018-06-15
    • 1970-01-01
    • 1970-01-01
    相关资源
    最近更新 更多