我需要链接哪些库来构建 googlemock 示例？

【问题标题】：What libraries do I need to link to build a googlemock example?我需要链接哪些库来构建 googlemock 示例？
【发布时间】：2012-11-07 22:00:23
【问题描述】：

我能够在 VS2010 中编译 googlemock v1.6.x 并生成发布和调试库。换句话说，我遇到的问题不是这个GoogleMock and GoogleTest in Visual Studio 2010

现在我正在按照http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies 的示例进行操作，但我遇到了这些错误。我确实链接了生成的 *.lib 文件并在 VS2010 中添加了正确的库目录。那我还需要链接什么？

1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Container_base12::~_Container_base12(void)" (??1_Container_base12@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Container_base12::_Container_base12(void)" (??0_Container_base12@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::_Container_base12::_Orphan_all(void)" (?_Orphan_all@_Container_base12@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)" (??6?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV01@H@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: virtual __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::~basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(void)" (??1?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: virtual __thiscall std::basic_iostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::~basic_iostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(void)" (??1?$basic_iostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_iostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::basic_iostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(class std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > *)" (??0?$basic_iostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAE@PAV?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@1@@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(void)" (??0?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: virtual __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::~basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(void)" (??1?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@UAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::gptr(void)const " (?gptr@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::setg(char *,char *,char *)" (?setg@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEXPAD00@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::setp(char *,char *)" (?setp@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEXPAD0@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::eback(void)const " (?eback@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Pninc(void)" (?_Pninc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::setp(char *,char *,char *)" (?setp@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEXPAD00@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::pbase(void)const " (?pbase@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::epptr(void)const " (?epptr@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::pptr(void)const " (?pptr@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::gbump(int)" (?gbump@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEXH@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: char * __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::egptr(void)const " (?egptr@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IBEPADXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::pbump(int)" (?pbump@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAEXH@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "protected: __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >(void)" (??0?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@IAE@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: struct std::_Iterator_base12 * * __thiscall std::_Container_base12::_Getpfirst(void)const " (?_Getpfirst@_Container_base12@std@@QBEPAPAU_Iterator_base12@2@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::setstate(int,bool)" (?setstate@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXH_N@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __int64 __thiscall std::ios_base::width(__int64)" (?width@ios_base@std@@QAE_J_J@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __int64 __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::sputn(char const *,__int64)" (?sputn@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAE_JPBD_J@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::sputc(char)" (?sputc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHD@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > * __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::rdbuf(void)const " (?rdbuf@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::fill(void)const " (?fill@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEDXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::flags(void)const " (?flags@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __int64 __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (?width@ios_base@std@@QBE_JXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::flush(void)" (?flush@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV12@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > * __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::tie(void)const " (?tie@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: bool __thiscall std::ios_base::good(void)const " (?good@ios_base@std@@QBE_NXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Osfx(void)" (?_Osfx@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(unsigned int)" (??6?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV01@I@Z) already defined in gmockd.lib(gtest-all.obj)
1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::locale::facet * __thiscall std::locale::facet::_Decref(void)" (?_Decref@facet@locale@std@@QAEPAV123@XZ) already defined in gmockd.lib(gmock-all.obj)
1>libcpmtd.lib(ios.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static void __cdecl std::ios_base::_Ios_base_dtor(class std::ios_base *)" (?_Ios_base_dtor@ios_base@std@@CAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(ios.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::ios_base::_Addstd(class std::ios_base *)" (?_Addstd@ios_base@std@@SAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static void __cdecl std::locale::facet::_Facet_Register(class std::locale::facet *)" (?_Facet_Register@facet@locale@std@@CAXPAV123@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(locale0_implib.obj)
1>libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static class std::locale::_Locimp * __cdecl std::locale::_Getgloballocale(void)" (?_Getgloballocale@locale@std@@CAPAV_Locimp@12@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static class std::locale::_Locimp * __cdecl std::locale::_Init(void)" (?_Init@locale@std@@CAPAV_Locimp@12@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_ctor(class std::_Locinfo *,char const *)" (?_Locinfo_ctor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@PBD@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_dtor(class std::_Locinfo *)" (?_Locinfo_dtor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::_Lockit(int)" (??0_Lockit@std@@QAE@H@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>libcpmtd.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::~_Lockit(void)" (??1_Lockit@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(_file.obj) : error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(setlocal.obj) : error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(dbgheap.obj) : error LNK2005: __free_dbg already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(dbgheap.obj) : error LNK2005: __CrtSetCheckCount already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(osfinfo.obj) : error LNK2005: __open_osfhandle already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(dosmap.obj) : error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(fflush.obj) : error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(lconv.obj) : error LNK2005: _localeconv already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(dbghook.obj) : error LNK2005: __crt_debugger_hook already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(mlock.obj) : error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(mlock.obj) : error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(winxfltr.obj) : error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(hooks.obj) : error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(invarg.obj) : error LNK2005: __invalid_parameter already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(invarg.obj) : error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(sprintf.obj) : error LNK2005: _sprintf_s already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(tolower.obj) : error LNK2005: _tolower already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(strtol.obj) : error LNK2005: _strtol already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(strtoq.obj) : error LNK2005: __strtoui64 already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(dbgrptw.obj) : error LNK2005: __CrtDbgReportW already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(vsnprnc.obj) : error LNK2005: __vsnprintf_s already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(printf.obj) : error LNK2005: _printf already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LIBCMTD.lib(vprintf.obj) : error LNK2005: _vprintf already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR100D.dll)
1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRTD' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'LIBCMTD' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library
1>LIBCMTD.lib(crt0.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function ___tmainCRTStartup
1>C:\Documents and Settings\fouts\My Documents\Visual Studio 2010\GMockTest\Debug\GMockTest.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
1>

【问题讨论】：

    标签： c++ unit-testing googletest


    【解决方案1】：

    这看起来您选择的 C 运行时和 C++ 标准库不匹配。

    您可以使用编译器开关/MT、/MTd、/MD 或/MDd 在这些版本的静态 (.lib) 或共享 (DLL) 版本之间进行选择。 MT 变体表示静态库，MD 表示共享库。 d 附录表示每个的调试版本。

    这些可以在 Visual Studio 中通过转到项目 => 属性 => 配置属性 => C/C++ => 代码生成 => 运行时库来设置

    问题似乎是您的项目使用/MD 和/MDd，但是GMock 和Gtest 是使用/MT 和/MTd 构建的。您需要使用/MD 和/MDd 标志重新编译GMock/Gtest，或者将您的标志更改为/MT 和/MTd。

    【讨论】：

    • 这正是问题所在！谢谢！是什么让您从链接错误中解脱出来？
    • @ChrisF 调试类似链接器错误所花费的时间 :-) 赠品是链接器抱怨标准库函数（std:: 命名空间中的任何函数）已被定义。通常，获得它的唯一方法是尝试链接 CRT 库的 2 个不同副本。这可能与您使用不匹配的静态/共享的情况一样，也可能是调试/发布之间的不匹配。描述了 MS CRT 库的各种化身here 和 here。
    【解决方案2】：

    您可以将 Gmock 构建为 dll 并使用它（这是针对 1.7 的，不知道它是否适用于 1.6） 设置预处理器标志（properties->c/c++->Preprocessor->Preprocessor Definitions）GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY 将Gmock构建为dll，并使用GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY构建消耗gmock的dll

    【讨论】：

    • 感谢您的回答。考虑对其进行编辑以使其更具可读性。
    【解决方案3】：

    我有类似的问题： 解决方案： 发布版本 属性：配置属性>c/c++>General>Warning level>level4(/W4) 属性：配置属性>代码生成>运行库：多线程(/Mt) 属性：配置属性>预编译头：不使用预编译头

    调试版本 属性：配置属性>c/c++>General>Warning level>level4(/W4) 属性：配置属性>代码生成>运行库：多线程（/MTd） 属性：配置属性>预编译头：不使用预编译头

    【讨论】：

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