如何在角度服务中运行 toast 消息的单元测试用例？

Question

我正在使用基于 Angular 12 的应用程序。我有一个名为 notification 的服务，它处理来自 ngx-toastr 库的 toast 消息。

这是该服务的样子：

export class NotificationService {
  constructor(private toastr: ToastrService) {}

  showSuccess(message: string = 'Success ', note: string = ''): void {
    this.toastr.success(message, note);
  }

  showError(message: string = 'Error ', note: string = 'Try again'): void {
    this.toastr.error(message, note, {
      timeOut: 3000,
    });
  }
}

服务方法运行良好，但是当我尝试为它们实施测试时，我收到以下错误：

NotificationService should test "showSuccess" method FAILED

Error: <spyOn> : could not find an object to spy upon for success()

这些是测试：

describe('NotificationService', () => {
  let notificationService: NotificationService,
    httpTestingController: HttpTestingController,
    toastrService: ToastrService,
    notificationServiceSpy: any;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [CommonModule, HttpClientTestingModule, ToastrModule.forRoot()],
      declarations: [],
      providers: [{ provide: ToastrService, useValue: toastrService }],
    }).compileComponents();
    notificationService = TestBed.inject(NotificationService);
    httpTestingController = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
    toastrService = TestBed.inject(ToastrService);
  });

  it('should be created', () => {
    expect(notificationService).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('should test "showSuccess" method', () => {
    spyOn(toastrService, 'success').and.callThrough();
  });

  afterEach(() => {
    httpTestingController.verify();
  });
});

感谢任何帮助。谢谢！

Answer 1

您收到该消息是因为当您这样做时：

providers: [{ provide: ToastrService, useValue: toastrService }],

在那个时间点，toastrService 未定义，然后当您执行 spyOn(toastrService, 'success'); 时，没有成功方法可被监视，因为 toastrService 未定义。

我会嘲笑toastrService。

进行以下更改，注意以!!开头的行。

describe('NotificationService', () => {
  let notificationService: NotificationService,
    httpTestingController: HttpTestingController,
    // !! change this line to this
    toastrService: jasmine.SpyObj<ToastrService>,
    notificationServiceSpy: any;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    // !! add a new spy object before each test, now toastrService is not undefined
    toastrService = jasmine.createSpyObj<ToastrService>('ToasterService', ['error', 'success']);
    await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [CommonModule, HttpClientTestingModule, ToastrModule.forRoot()],
      declarations: [],
      providers: [
       // !! provide NotificationService to the TestBed module because it is under test
       NotificationService,
       { provide: ToastrService, useValue: toastrService }],
    }).compileComponents();
    notificationService = TestBed.inject(NotificationService);
    httpTestingController = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
    // !! don't need the below line, we already have access to the spy object
    // toastrService = TestBed.inject(ToastrService);
  });

  it('should be created', () => {
    expect(notificationService).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('should test "showSuccess" method', () => {
    // !! you should not spyOn this anymore, toastrService has methods error
    // and success now which are both spies.
    // spyOn(toastrService, 'success').and.callThrough();
    // !! call the method
    service.showSuccess('hello world', 'hello');
    expect(toastrService.success).toHaveBeenCalledWith('hello world', 'hello');
  });

  afterEach(() => {
    httpTestingController.verify();
  });
});