我已经阅读了很多文章并尝试使用 Roboelectric 开始单元测试，但我仍然不明白，也无法编写简单的单元测试。 任何人都可以指导我使用什么以及如何开始，因为在 android 中进行单元测试并不容易。
【问题讨论】：
标签： android unit-testing testing
我也遇到了同样的问题，就像我在 android 中获得单元测试模块之前一样。这是一个可能对您有所帮助的简单示例。我已尽力帮助您。您只需运行 EmailValidatorTest 类即可查看测试结果。对于 assert(JUnit)，您可以关注 Assert。这是 XML。
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#F0F0F0"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="10dp"
android:text="@string/lbl_register"
android:textAllCaps="true"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
android:textColor="#176CEC"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText_email"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#fff"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/lbl_email_hint"
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
android:padding="12dp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText_password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
android:background="#fff"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/lbl_password_hint"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:padding="12dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_signup"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:background="#176CEC"
android:text="@string/lbl_btn_signup"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:textStyle="bold" />
这是我的 MainActivity
package com.example.hassidiczaddic.unittesting;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.example.hassidiczaddic.unittesting.R;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private EditText emailEditText;
private EditText passEditText;
private Button btnsignup;
private EmailValidator mEmailValidator;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
emailEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_email);
passEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_password);
// Setup field validators.
mEmailValidator = new EmailValidator();
emailEditText.addTextChangedListener(mEmailValidator);
passEditText.addTextChangedListener(mEmailValidator);
btnsignup=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_signup);
btnsignup.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// Don't save if the fields do not validate.
if (!mEmailValidator.isValid()) {
emailEditText.setError("Invalid email or Password");
Log.w("TAG", "Invalid email");
return;
}else
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Satrun is dead",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}
这是我的 EmailValidator 类
package com.example.hassidiczaddic.unittesting;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class EmailValidator implements TextWatcher {
/**
* Email validation pattern.
*/
// validating email id
public static final Pattern EMAIL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
"[a-zA-Z0-9\\+\\.\\_\\%\\-\\+]{1,256}" +
"\\@" +
"[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,64}" +
"(" +
"\\." +
"[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,25}" +
")+"
);
// validating password with retype password
private boolean isValidPassword(String pass) {
if (pass != null && pass.length() > 6) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean mIsValid = false;
public boolean isValid() {
return mIsValid;
}
public static boolean isValidEmail(CharSequence email) {
return email != null && EMAIL_PATTERN.matcher(email).matches();
}
public static boolean isValidPassword(CharSequence pass) {
return pass != null && isValidPassword(pass);
}
@Override
public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
}
@Override
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
}
@Override
public void afterTextChanged(Editable editableText) {
mIsValid=isValidEmail(editableText);
mIsValid=isValidPassword(editableText);
}
}
这是我在 android 中的单元测试：
package com.example.hassidiczaddic.unittesting;
import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@SmallTest
public class EmailValidatorTest {
@Test
public void emailValidator_CorrectEmailSimple_ReturnsTrue() {
assertTrue(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("name_@email.com"));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_CorrectEmailSubDomain_ReturnsTrue() {
assertTrue(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("name@email.co.uk"));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_InvalidEmailNoTld_ReturnsFalse() {
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("name@email"));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_InvalidEmailDoubleDot_ReturnsFalse() {
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("name@email..com"));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_InvalidEmailNoUsername_ReturnsFalse() {
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("@email.com"));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_EmptyString_ReturnsFalse() {
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidEmail(""));
}
@Test
public void emailValidator_NullEmail_ReturnsFalse() {
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidEmail(null));
}
@Test
public void passwordValidator_NullPassword_ReturnsFalse(){
assertFalse(EmailValidator.isValidPassword(null));
//other testcases for passwords
}}
不要忘记 syc 你的 Gradle：
// Required -- JUnit 4 framework
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
【讨论】：
要使用robotium，请按照以下步骤操作：
1.- 导入robotium - Build.gradle：
dependencies {
....
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
.....
compile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.6.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.0'
.....
}
2.- 创建一个抽象类来在 androidTest 包中初始化你的测试：
import android.app.Activity;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import com.robotium.solo.Solo;
public abstract class AbstractSystemTestBase<T extends Activity> extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<T> {
public static final int WAIT_FOR_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static final int WAIT_FOR_DIALOG_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static final int WAIT_FOR_VIEW_TIMEOUT = 6000;
public static final int WAIT_FOR_TEXT_TIMEOUT = 6000;
public static final int STANDARD_WAIT_TIME = 30000;
public static final int SHORT_WAIT_TIME = 5000;
protected Solo solo;
public AbstractSystemTestBase(Class<T> activityClass) {
super(activityClass);
}
@Override
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());
}
@Override
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
solo.finishOpenedActivities();
}
}
3.- 创建扩展抽象类的测试类（在 androidTest 包内）：
public class TestMainMenu extends AbstractSystemTestBase<MainMenuActivity> {
public TestMainMenu() {
super(MainMenuActivity.class);
}
public void testMenu() throws InterruptedException {
assertTrue("MainMenu Activity never started", solo.waitForActivity(MainMenuActivity.class, WAIT_FOR_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT));
//YOUR TESTS HERE
//EXAMPLE:
View view = solo.getView("main_menu_activity_iv_go_activity_one");
solo.clickOnView(view);
assertTrue("Activity one never started", solo.waitForActivity(Activity1.class, WAIT_FOR_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT));
}
}
4.- 运行测试。右键单击您的测试类
【讨论】：
你可以试试 Mockito。
使用 Mockito 进行 Android 单元测试 https://www.raywenderlich.com/174137/android-unit-testing-with-mockito
使用 TestMe（用于 Android Studio 的 IntelliJ 插件可以非常轻松地生成单元测试代码）
TestMe (https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9471-testme)
为 Java 或 Groovy 中的源类自动生成单元测试。 没有更多样板！
特点：
【讨论】：