【发布时间】:2013-12-13 14:06:24
【问题描述】:
- Java 7
- JUnit 4.11
我正在编写测试来验证我的方法的协定,例如,参数不能为 null,int 参数必须为正等。当违反协定时,抛出的异常类型反映了失败的原因,例如NullPointerException 或IllegalArgumentException。有时我不在乎这两个中的哪一个被抛出,只是其中一个被抛出。 (是的,我应该测试确切的异常类型,但请耐心等待......)
我可以使用 JUnit 的 @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)(因为 RuntimeException 是 IAE 和 NPE 的最接近的公共父级),但这过于通用,因为被测方法可能会抛出其他一些 RuntimeException。
相反,我正在尝试使用 JUnit 的 ExpectedExceptions 类。
这是一个完整的例子:
import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.anyOf;
public class ParameterViolationTest {
private Target target = new Target();
@Rule
public ExpectedException expected = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void parameterViolation() {
expected.expect(anyOf(
CoreMatchers.<Class<? extends Exception>>
equalTo(NullPointerException.class),
CoreMatchers.<Class<? extends Exception>>
equalTo(IllegalArgumentException.class)));
// Null parameter violates contract, throws some exception.
target.methodUnderTest(null);
}
private static class Target {
public void methodUnderTest(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
// throw new IllegalArgumentException();
throw new NullPointerException();
}
}
}
}
我希望这个测试能够通过,但结果却失败了:
java.lang.AssertionError:
Expected: (<class java.lang.NullPointerException> or <class java.lang.IllegalArgumentException>)
but: was <java.lang.NullPointerException>
Stacktrace was: java.lang.NullPointerException
at ParameterViolationTest$Target.methodUnderTest(ParameterViolationTest.java:35)
at ParameterViolationTest.parameterViolation(ParameterViolationTest.java:25)
< internal calls... >
at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException$ExpectedExceptionStatement.evaluate(ExpectedException.java:168)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
< internal calls... >
java.lang.AssertionError:
Expected: (<class java.lang.NullPointerException> or <class java.lang.IllegalArgumentException>)
but: was <java.lang.NullPointerException>
Stacktrace was: java.lang.NullPointerException
at ParameterViolationTest$Target.methodUnderTest(ParameterViolationTest.java:35)
at ParameterViolationTest.parameterViolation(ParameterViolationTest.java:25)
< internal calls... >
at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException$ExpectedExceptionStatement.evaluate(ExpectedException.java:168)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
< internal calls... >
at org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat(MatcherAssert.java:20)
at org.junit.Assert.assertThat(Assert.java:865)
at org.junit.Assert.assertThat(Assert.java:832)
at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException.handleException(ExpectedException.java:198)
at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException.access$500(ExpectedException.java:85)
at org.junit.rules.ExpectedException$ExpectedExceptionStatement.evaluate(ExpectedException.java:177)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
< internal calls... >
这是怎么回事?
【问题讨论】:
标签: java unit-testing junit