如何在 django 中模拟模型的外键模型？答案

【问题标题】：How to mock foreign key models of a model in django?如何在 django 中模拟模型的外键模型？
【发布时间】：2020-07-09 09:48:44
【问题描述】：

我有一个带有一对多地址字段的 django 'Customer' 模型。我想模拟地址模型，并将模拟分配给篮子模型并将其保存到测试数据库。我目前正在使用类似的东西：

address_mock = Mock(spec=Address)
address_mock._state = Mock()
customer = Customer(address=address_mock)
customer.save()

但得到错误：

ValueError: Cannot assign "\<Mock spec='Address' id='72369632'\>": the current database router prevents this relation

我只是误解了模拟/测试数据库的工作原理吗？我不想为所有测试创建地址模型，并且该字段不可为空

【问题讨论】：

您不能使用 Mock。创建一个真实的地址！
使用FactoryBoy在数据库中创建测试数据factoryboy.readthedocs.io/en/latest

标签： python django unit-testing model mocking

【解决方案1】：

查看https://factoryboy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/orms.html 有了它，您可以像这样定义子工厂：

import factory
from faker import Factory
from address.models import Address
from customer.models import Customer 

fake = Factory.create()

class AddressFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = Address

    street = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: fake.street_address())
    zip_code = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: fake.postcode())
    place = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: fake.city())


class CustomerFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = Customer

    address = factory.SubFactory(AddressFactory)
    phone = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: fake.phone_number())

CustomerFactory() #this creates a customer with a address 
# or you can do this
address = AddressFactory()
customer.address = address
customer.save()
# or that way 
c = CustomerFactory(address=address)

【讨论】：