模拟起订量，尝试将对象传递给具有多个参数的构造函数

Question

我正在尝试模拟一个返回 IEnumerable 数据集的方法，例如所有代码的列表。

有一个接口 ISystemService.cs 包含此方法，一个名为 SystemService.cs 的服务类具有方法定义。

被测系统是：

 public static class CacheKeys
    {
      public const string ALLCURRENCYCODES = "CurrencyCodes";
    }
 public interface ICacheManager
    {
        T Get<T>(string key);
        void Set(string key, object data, int cacheTime);
        void Clear();
    }
public interface ISessionManager
{
}
public interface IApplicationSettings
    {
        string LoggerName { get; }
        int CacheTimeout { get; }
    }
public class EFDbContext : DbContext
    {
    public DbSet<CurrencyCode> CurrencyCodes { get; set; }
    }
public class CurrencyCode 
    {
        public string Code { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public decimal CurrencyUnit { get; set; }
        public int? DecimalPlace { get; set; }
        public string BaseCurrencyCode { get; set; }
    }   
public interface ISystemService
    {
        IEnumerable<CurrencyCode> GetAllCurrencyCodes();
    }
//SystemService.cs
public class SystemService : ISystemService
    {

        private readonly EFDbContext db;
        private readonly ICacheManager cacheManager;
        private readonly ISessionManager sessionManager;
        private readonly IApplicationSettings appSettings;

        public SystemService(EFDbContext dbContext, ICacheManager cacheManager, ISessionManager sessionManager, IApplicationSettings appSettings)
        {
            db = dbContext;
            this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
            this.sessionManager = sessionManager;
            this.appSettings = appSettings;
        }
      public IEnumerable<CurrencyCode> GetAllCurrencyCodes()
        {
            var allCurrencyCodes = cacheManager.Get<IEnumerable<CurrencyCode>>(CacheKeys.ALLCURRENCYCODES);

            if (allCurrencyCodes == null)
            {
                allCurrencyCodes = db.CurrencyCodes.ToList();

                cacheManager.Set(CacheKeys.ALLCURRENCYCODES, allCurrencyCodes, appSettings.CacheTimeout);
            }

            return allCurrencyCodes;
        }

测试方法

[TestMethod]
        public void testCacheMiss()
        {
            List<CurrencyCode> currencycodes = new List<CurrencyCode>()
         {
            new CurrencyCode(){Id = 1, Code = "IND", Description = "India"},
            new CurrencyCode(){Id = 2, Code = "USA", Description = "UnitedStates"},
            new CurrencyCodes(){Id = 3, Code = "UAE", Description = "ArabEmirates"}
         };
            var mockEfContext = new Mock<EFDbContext>();
            var mockCacheManager = new Mock<ICacheManager>();
            var mockSessionManager = new Mock<ISessionManager>();
            var mockAppSettings = new Mock<IApplicationSettings>();

            // Setups for relevant methods of the above here, e.g. to test a cache miss
            mockEfContext.SetupGet(x => x.CurrencyCodes)
               .Returns(currencycodes); // Canned currencies
            mockCacheManager.Setup(x => x.Get<IEnumerable<CurrencyCode>>(It.IsAny<string>()))
               .Returns<IEnumerable<CurrencyCodes>>(null); // Cache miss

            // Act
            var service = new SystemService(mockEfContext.Object, mockCacheManager.Object,
               mockSessionManager.Object, mockAppSettings.Object);
            var codes = service.GetAllCodes();

            // Assert + Verify
            mockCacheManager.Verify(x => x.Get<IEnumerable<CurrencyCodes>>(
               It.IsAny<string>()), Times.Once, "Must always check cache first");
            mockEfContext.VerifyGet(x => x.CurrencyCodes,
               Times.Once, "Because of the simulated cache miss, must go to the Db");
            Assert.AreEqual(currencycodes.Count, codes.Count(), "Must return the codes as-is");

既然定义的构造函数不接受一个参数，那么如何将对象作为参数传递呢？请指教

Answer 1

如果 CodeService 正在测试中，那么您想模拟它的依赖关系，而不是 CodeService 本身。

您需要为构造函数提供CodeService 的所有依赖项Mocks，即：

     var currencycodes = new List<SomeCodes>
     {
        new CurrencyCodes(){Id = 1, Code = "IND", Description = "India"},
        new CurrencyCodes(){Id = 2, Code = "USA", Description = "UnitedStates"},
        new CurrencyCodes(){Id = 3, Code = "UAE", Description = "ArabEmirates"}
     };
     var mockEfContext = new Mock<EFDbContext>();
     var mockCacheManager = new Mock<ICacheManager>();
     var mockSessionManager = new Mock<ISessionManager>();
     var mockAppSettings = new Mock<IApplicationSettings>();

     // Setups for relevant methods of the above here, e.g. to test a cache miss
     mockEfContext.SetupGet(x => x.SomeCodes)
        .Returns(currencycodes); // Canned currencies
     mockCacheManager.Setup(x => x.Get<IEnumerable<SomeCodes>>(It.IsAny<string>()))
        .Returns<IEnumerable<SomeCodes>>(null); // Cache miss

     // Act
     var service = new CodeService(mockEfContext.Object, mockCacheManager.Object,
        mockSessionManager.Object, mockAppSettings.Object);
     var codes = service.GetAllCodes();

     // Assert + Verify
     mockCacheManager.Verify(x => x.Get<IEnumerable<SomeCodes>>(
        It.IsAny<string>()), Times.Once, "Must always check cache first");
     mockEfContext.VerifyGet(x => x.SomeCodes,
        Times.Once, "Because of the simulated cache miss, must go to the Db");
     Assert.AreEqual(currencycodes.Count, codes.Count(), "Must return the codes as-is");

编辑但是，如果您的意思是代码的下一层正在测试中，则主体是相同的：

var mockCodeService = new Mock<ICodeService>();
mockCodeService.Setup(x => x.GetAllCodes())
    .Returns(currencycodes); // Now we don't care whether this is from cache or db 

var higherLevelClassUsingCodeService = new SomeClass(mockCodeService.Object);
higherLevelClassUsingCodeService.DoSomething();

mockCodeService.Verify(x => x.GetAllCodes(), Times.Once); // etc

编辑 2
我已经修复了代码中的几个拼写错误，并假设 CurrencyCodes 继承 SomeCodes 并且您的缓存键是一个字符串，并将其推送到 Git Gist here 以及相应的缓存未命中单元测试。 （我用过 NUnit，但在这里并不重要）

Answer 2

allCodes 是您的服务.. 它是您需要使用的模拟。您不应该创建 ICodeService.. 的具体实例。您的模拟存在是为了填补该角色。

所以，删除这个：

var service = new CodeService(allCodes.object);

你的下一行应该是：

var code = allCodes.Object.GetAllCodes();

但是..之后这个测试似乎完全多余..因为您似乎正在测试您的模拟..

另外，allCodes 应该称为 serviceMock.. 因为这样更有意义。