在 Ansible 中做案例陈述的最佳方法是什么？答案

【问题标题】：What is the best way to do case statement in Ansible?在 Ansible 中做案例陈述的最佳方法是什么？
【发布时间】：2019-10-13 03:20:19
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将我的脚本转换为 Ansible 以实现自动化。我一直在理解循环或“with_items”用例。

原始 bash 脚本：

for i in apple banana orange; do
    case $i in
      apple) export var="var.1:apple1,var.2:apple2" ;;
      banana) export var="var.1:banana1,var.2:banana2,var.3:banana3" ;;
      orange) export var="var.1:orange1" ;;
    esac

    echo "$i"

到目前为止我所尝试的：

VARS file:
fruits:
  - name: apple
    var: "{{ item }}"
    with_items:
      - apple1
      - apple2
  - name: banana
    var: "{{ item }}"
    with_items:
      - banana1
      - banana2
      - banana3
  - name: orange
    var: "{{ item }}"
    with_items:
      - orange1

TASKS file:
- include_vars: vars.yml

- debug:
    msg: "{{ fruits }}"

- name: output in shell using echo 
  shell: |
    echo "{{ fruits.name }}" ;
    echo "{{ fruits.var }}"
  loop: "{{ fruits }}"

输出：

The output from include_vars task:
{
    "ansible_included_var_files": [
        "/etc/ansible/roles/openssl/tasks/vars.yml"
    ],
    "ansible_facts": {
        "fruits": [
            {
                "var": "{{ item }}",
                "name": "apple",
                "with_items": [
                    "apple1",
                    "apple2"
                ]
            },
            {
                "var": "{{ item }}",
                "name": "banana",
                "with_items": [
                    "banana1",
                    "banana2",
                    "banana3"
                ]
            },
            {
                "var": "{{ item }}",
                "name": "orange",
                "with_items": [
                    "orange1"
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "_ansible_no_log": false,
    "changed": false
}

调试

debug task failed
{
    "msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'item' is undefined\n\nThe error appears to be in '/etc/ansible/roles/openssl/tasks/main.yml': line 262, column 3, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n\n- debug:\n  ^ here\n",
    "_ansible_no_log": false
}

我知道 Yaml 对空间敏感，格式很重要。我是编写剧本的新手，任何建议都会有所帮助。

【问题讨论】：

标签： ansible yaml

【解决方案1】：

用dictionary

fruits:
  apple:
    - apple1
    - apple2
  banana:
    - banana1
    - banana2
    - banana3
  orange:
    - orange1

loop

- hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - include_vars:
        vars.yml
    - debug:
        msg: "{{ item.key }} {{ item.value }}"
      loop: "{{ fruits|dict2items }}"

给予（删节）

"msg": "orange [u'orange1']"
"msg": "apple [u'apple1', u'apple2']"
"msg": "banana [u'banana1', u'banana2', u'banana3']"

可以引用字典中的项目。例如

- debug:
    var: fruits.banana
- debug:
    var: fruits.apple.1

给予

"fruits.banana": [
    "banana1", 
    "banana2", 
    "banana3"
]

"fruits.apple.1": "apple2"

【讨论】：