Spring @ContextConfiguration 中加载位置的顺序

Question

我正在为我的数据库集成测试使用以下配置：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring/spring-master.xml"})
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
@Transactional()
public class EmployeeAccessPropertyTest {

spring-master.xml 按以下顺序加载 spring 配置文件：

<import resource="classpath:spring/db/dev-datasource-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/jpa-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/transaction-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/component-config.xml"/>

dev-datasource-config.xml 定义dataSource并通过liquibase初始化db scheme：

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db/config/dev-data-access.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="liquibase" class="liquibase.integration.spring.SpringLiquibase">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="changeLog" value="classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml" />
    <property name="dropFirst" value="true" />
</bean>

现在，当我运行测试时，我收到以下错误：

javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: studentPersistenceUnit] Unable to build EntityManagerFactory
...
Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Missing table: employees

似乎，初始化 entityManagerFactory 时没有创建表（在 jpa-config.xml 文件中）。好的，我先通过liquibase maven插件生成方案：

mvn initialize liquibase:update

通过 Spring 上下文注释以下 db 方案生成：

<!--<bean id="liquibase" class="liquibase.integration.spring.SpringLiquibase">-->
    <!--<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />-->
    <!--<property name="changeLog" value="classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml" />-->
    <!--<property name="dropFirst" value="true" />-->
<!--</bean>-->

问题就解决了。我该怎么做才能确保 Spring 首先加载 dev-datasource-config.xml，初始化 liquibase bean，然后才加载 jpa-config.xml，如下所示：

<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
      class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"
      p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/>

Answer 1

使用 'depends-on' 属性，如 spring 手册中所述：

http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.2.x/spring-framework-reference/html/beans.html#beans-factory-dependson

例如

<bean id="beanOne" class="ExampleBean" depends-on="manager"/>

<bean id="manager" class="ManagerBean" />