兼容性问题（python 2 与 python 3）

Question

我有一个程序可以通过 API 自动创建 Github 问题。它适用于 Python 2.7，但是当我使用 Python 3 运行它时，出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/baal/bin/python/zeus-scanner/var/auto_issue/github.py", line 92, in request_issue_creation
    urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=10).read()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 163, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 464, in open
    req = meth(req)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/urllib/request.py", line 1183, in do_request_
    raise TypeError(msg)
TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

我有以下方法会创建一个 github 问题（在 python 2 中成功，在 python 3 中不成功）：

def request_issue_creation():
    logger.info(set_color(
        "Zeus got an unexpected error and will automatically create an issue for this error, please wait..."
    ))

    def __extract_stacktrace(file_data):
        logger.info(set_color(
            "extracting traceback from log file..."
        ))
        retval, buff_mode, _buffer = [], False, ""
        with open(file_data, "r+") as log:
            for line in log:
                if "Traceback" in line:
                    buff_mode = True
                if line and len(line) < 5:
                    buff_mode = False
                    retval.append(_buffer)
                    _buffer = ""
                if buff_mode:
                    if len(line) > 400:
                        line = line[:400] + "...\n"
                    _buffer += line
        return "".join(retval)

    logger.info(set_color(
        "getting authorization..."
    ))

    encoded = __get_encoded_string()
    n = get_decode_num(encoded)
    token = decode(n, encoded)

    current_log_file = get_latest_log_file(CURRENT_LOG_FILE_PATH)
    stacktrace = __extract_stacktrace(current_log_file)
    issue_title = stacktrace.split("\n")[-2]

    issue_data = {
        "title": issue_title,
        "body": "Error info:\n```{}````\n\n"
                "Running details:\n`{}`\n\n"
                "Commands used:\n`{}`\n\n"
                "Log file info:\n```{}```".format(
                     str(stacktrace),
                     str(platform.platform()),
                     " ".join(sys.argv),
                     open(current_log_file).read()
                ),
    }

    try:
        req = urllib2.Request(
            url="https://api.github.com/repos/<API-REPO>/issues", data=json.dumps(issue_data),
            headers={"Authorization": "token {}".format(token)}
        )
        urllib2.urlopen(req, timeout=10).read()
        logger.info(set_color(
            "issue has been created successfully with the following name '{}'...".format(issue_title)
        ))
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception(set_color(
            "failed to auto create the issue, got exception '{}', "
            "you may manually create an issue...".format(e), level=50
        ))

我在网上看到将字符串编码为utf-8 将解决问题，但我不确定这是否可行？任何帮助将不胜感激，谢谢。

Answer 1

您需要对 JSON 有效负载进行编码：

data = json.dumps(issue_data)
if sys.version_info > (3,):  # Python 3
    data = data.encode('utf8')

req = urllib2.Request(
    url="https://api.github.com/repos/<API-REPO>/issues", data=data,
    headers={"Authorization": "token {}".format(token),
             "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"}
)

我添加了一个带有charset 参数的Content-Type 标头，用于与服务器通信使用的编解码器。这并不总是需要，JSON 的默认编解码器是 UTF-8。如果您不指定标题，则会提供（错误的）默认值；这取决于服务器是否重要。