NoClassDefFoundError - RunListener：Maven-surefire / JUnit [重复]

Question

我一直在学习有关使用 eclipse 和 maven 的 JavaEE 的 PluralSight 课程。我目前正在尝试编写一些测试，但是当从 cmd 行运行 mvn package 时，我遇到了这个错误：

Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test failed: There was an error in the forked process

有时它指的是：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runner/notification/RunListener

有时：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runner/Description

我做了一些阅读，似乎在 JUnit 4.0 中引入了 RunListener。但据我所知，我有正确的依赖关系——JUnit 4.12 在我的依赖层次结构中。为了解决这个问题，我现在已将所有文件更改为练习文件。

我猜我可能从根本上误解了 maven 和依赖项的工作方式、RE jar 和类路径，并且我仍然需要将 eclipse 或 cmd 行指向 JUnit jar？ （我在两者中都得到相同的错误）。鉴于在我的 java 对象中识别了其他 JUnit 类，我只是觉得这很奇怪。 无论如何，这是我的（pluralsight）pom：

<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.pluralsight.javaee-getting-started.javaee-getting-started-m6</groupId>
        <artifactId>bookstore-back</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
        <name>Getting Started :: javaee-getting-started-m6 :: Testing the Repository :: Back</name>

        <properties>
            <endorsed.dir>${project.build.directory}/endorsed</endorsed.dir>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <!-- Test -->
            <version.junit>4.12</version.junit>
            <version.arquillian>1.1.13.5</version.arquillian>
            <version.arquillian.wildfly>2.0.2.Final</version.arquillian.wildfly>
            <version.shrinkwrap>1.2.6</version.shrinkwrap>
            <!-- Plugins -->
            <version.surefire.plugin>2.19.1</version.surefire.plugin>
        </properties>

        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.arquillian</groupId>
                    <artifactId>arquillian-universe</artifactId>
                    <version>${version.arquillian}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax</groupId>
                <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
                <version>7.0</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- TEST -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${version.junit}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.arquillian.universe</groupId>
                <artifactId>arquillian-junit</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jboss.shrinkwrap</groupId>
                <artifactId>shrinkwrap-api</artifactId>
                <version>${version.shrinkwrap}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.wildfly.arquillian</groupId>
                <artifactId>wildfly-arquillian-container-remote</artifactId>
                <version>${version.arquillian.wildfly}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <build>
            <finalName>bookstore-back</finalName>

            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${version.surefire.plugin}</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <systemPropertyVariables>
                            <arquillian.launch>arquillian-wildfly-remote</arquillian.launch>
                        </systemPropertyVariables>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                        <compilerArguments>
                            <endorseddirs>${endorsed.dir}</endorseddirs>
                        </compilerArguments>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.3</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.6</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>validate</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>copy</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <outputDirectory>${endorsed.dir}</outputDirectory>
                                <silent>true</silent>
                                <artifactItems>
                                    <artifactItem>
                                        <groupId>javax</groupId>
                                        <artifactId>javaee-endorsed-api</artifactId>
                                        <version>7.0</version>
                                        <type>jar</type>
                                    </artifactItem>
                                </artifactItems>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <descriptorRefs>
                            <descriptorRef>src</descriptorRef>
                        </descriptorRefs>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

    </project>

我的类路径想法是否正确？

Answer 1

删除 Maven 存储其依赖项的 .m2 文件夹并进行另一个构建。有时 jar 文件会损坏（例如 Junit jar 文件可能已损坏，这可以解释为什么它找不到类）。