Spring，我没有用于测试的应用程序上下文。那有什么问题？

【问题标题】：Spring, I have no application-context for testing. What is wrong with that?Spring，我没有用于测试的应用程序上下文。那有什么问题？
【发布时间】：2014-05-01 19:47:04
【问题描述】：

我离春天还有 1 天

这就是我的测试的样子

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class PropertyReaderTest {

    @Autowired
    private PropertyReader propertyReader;
    @Test
    public void testGetProfile() throws Exception {
        System.out.printf(System.getProperty("spring.active.profiles"));
        assertEquals("development", propertyReader.getProfile());
    }
}

这是我的源类

@Component
public class PropertyReader {
    @Value("${spring.active.profiles")
    private String profile;

    @Nonnull
    public String getProfile() {
        return profile;
    }

和maven依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

我的测试失败了

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -ea -Dspring.active.profiles=development -Didea.launcher.port=7536 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA 13.app/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA 13.app/lib/idea_rt.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA 13.app/plugins/junit/lib/junit-rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-doclet.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/htmlconverter.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_55.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Users/harith/IdeaProjects/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/target/test-classes:/Users/harith/IdeaProjects/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/target/classes:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/jersey/core/jersey-client/2.7/jersey-client-2.7.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/jersey/core/jersey-common/2.7/jersey-common-2.7.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/javax/ws/rs/javax.ws.rs-api/2.0/javax.ws.rs-api-2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/javax/annotation/javax.annotation-api/1.2/javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/jersey/bundles/repackaged/jersey-guava/2.7/jersey-guava-2.7.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/hk2-api/2.2.0/hk2-api-2.2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/hk2-utils/2.2.0/hk2-utils-2.2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/external/aopalliance-repackaged/2.2.0/aopalliance-repackaged-2.2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/external/javax.inject/2.2.0/javax.inject-2.2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/hk2-locator/2.2.0/hk2-locator-2.2.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/javassist/javassist/3.18.1-GA/javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/hk2/osgi-resource-locator/1.0.1/osgi-resource-locator-1.0.1.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/com/google/code/findbugs/jsr305/2.0.1/jsr305-2.0.1.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.8.1/junit-4.8.1.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/yahoo/yinst/jports_org_springframework__spring_test/org_springframework__spring_test/3.0.5_1/org_springframework__spring_test-3.0.5_1.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/4.0.3.RELEASE/spring-context-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/4.0.3.RELEASE/spring-aop-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/aopalliance/aopalliance/1.0/aopalliance-1.0.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/4.0.3.RELEASE/spring-beans-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/4.0.3.RELEASE/spring-core-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.1.3/commons-logging-1.1.3.jar:/Users/harith/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/4.0.3.RELEASE/spring-expression-4.0.3.RELEASE.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 com.yahoo.pryme_services.external_services.ifs.PropertyReaderTest,testGetProfile
May 01, 2014 12:44:38 PM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager retrieveTestExecutionListeners
INFO: @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [class com.yahoo.pryme_services.external_services.ifs.PropertyReaderTest]: using defaults.
May 01, 2014 12:44:38 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml]
May 01, 2014 12:44:38 PM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager prepareTestInstance
SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@3b1aed57] to prepare test instance [com.yahoo.pryme_services.external_services.ifs.PropertyReaderTest@64d40911]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:308)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:74)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:211)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:67)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:343)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:216)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:81)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:280)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:304)
    ... 27 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
    at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:158)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:329)
    ... 36 more


java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:308)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:74)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:211)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:67)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:343)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:216)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:187)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:81)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:280)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:304)
    ... 27 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
    at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:158)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:329)
    ... 36 more


Process finished with exit code 255

我查看了docs，他们有类似的代码

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/simple-job-launcher-context.xml", 
                                    "/jobs/skipSampleJob.xml" })
public class SkipSampleFunctionalTests extends AbstractJobTests { ... }

但是我没有任何这样的上下文文件，我错过了什么？

【问题讨论】：

  • 需要配置Springsome way。您需要创建上下文文件或使用基于 bean 的配置。我建议与您的同事交谈以获取示例，或访问 Spring 网站并下载示例。
  • 堆栈跟踪中的最后一个 Caused By 给出了提示：java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [com/yahoo/pryme_services/external_services/ifs/PropertyReaderTest-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist。您告诉它加载的文件不存在，或者至少应用程序代码不相信它存在。

标签： java spring maven spring-mvc


【解决方案1】：

当您简单地将 ContextConfiguration 留空时，就像这样.. 

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration // nothing defined here
public class PropertyReaderTest {

... 然后它将查看上下文定义的默认位置。这通常以 xml 文件的形式出现，您可以在其中定义 bean 和“上下文”信息。

在那个 xml 文件中，您需要为您尝试使用 Spring @Autowire 的 PropertyReader 创建一个 bean 定义。您没想到 Spring 会在没有一些指示的情况下知道如何操作，是吗？ ;) 和 Spring 一样神奇，你需要帮助它定义一些东西。

也许您想运行一个独立的 JUnit 测试文件，它自己定义了所有内容。然后你可以像这样定义你的类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=PropertyReaderTest.class)
public class PropertyReaderTest {

您告诉 JUnit 在您自己的类中查找 Context 定义，它将读取您在 JUnit 类中添加的任何注释定义。

请记住，当您希望 Spring 在“上下文”中读取内容时，需要以某种形式定义上下文。

如果您不想显式定义所有组件，可以让 Spring 查找它们。但是，您仍然需要创建一个上下文来告诉 Spring 这样做。看这里： http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/3.0.0.M3/reference/html/ch04s12.html

【讨论】：

    【解决方案2】：

    需要spring中的上下文文件来配置和注册bean。

    如果我们不想使用它，我们应该以其他方式配置 bean。

    所以我们将使用另一种解决方案来解决您的问题（基于 java 的 bean 配置）

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class PropertyReaderTest {

@Configuration
    static class ContextConfiguration {

        // this bean will be injected into the OrderServiceTest class
        @Bean
        public PropertyReader getPropertyReader () {
            PropertyReader propertyReader  = new PropertyReader();
            // set profile property and other properties, etc.
            return propertyReader;
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    private PropertyReader propertyReader;

    @Test
    public void testGetProfile() throws Exception {
        System.out.printf(System.getProperty("spring.active.profiles"));
        assertEquals("development", propertyReader.getProfile());
    }
}

    【讨论】：

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