@OrderBy 注释中的 JPA/Hibernate CASE 引发异常：意外令牌：CASE

Question

我无法在 @OneToMany List 上获取 @OrderBy 以使用 JPA/Hibernate。

这里是表映射：

俱乐部实体：

@Entity
@Table(name = "Clubs")
public class Club implements Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @Column
    private Integer id;

    ...

    @OrderBy("SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 1, 1) ASC, CASE WHEN SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 1, 1 ) = 'O' THEN -CAST(SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) ELSE CAST(SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) END DESC, SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 4, 1 ) DESC, ordinalNbr")
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "club")
    private List<Team> teams;

    ...
}

团队实体：

@Entity
@Table(name = "Teams")
@IdClass(TeamId.class)
public class Team implements Serializable
{
    @Id
    @Column(name = "club_id")
    private Integer clubId;

    @Id
    @Column(name = "team_type_code")
    private String teamTypeCode;

    @Id
    @Column(name = "ordinal_nbr")
    private Integer ordinalNbr;

    ...
}

一个俱乐部有多支球队，没什么特别的。

但是，我希望他们首先按 20 岁以上的老年人排序，然后是 30 岁以上的老年人、35 岁以上的老年人……直到 65 岁以上的老年人，然后继续按 20 岁以下的青少年、18 岁以下的青少年等，直到 08 岁以下。

在 SQL 中，我可以通过使用查询得到这个：

SELECT *, SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 1, 1 ), SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 2, 2 ), SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 4, 1 ), ordinal_nbr
FROM bbstats.teams
WHERE club_id = 101
ORDER BY SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 1, 1 ) ASC,
         CASE WHEN SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 1, 1 ) = 'O'
              THEN -CAST(SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL)
              ELSE CAST(SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL)
         END DESC,
         SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 4, 1 ) DESC,
         ordinal_nbr;

第二个 order by 子句很有趣。我在这里所做的只是从像 O20M 的 4 字母代码（意思是 OVER 20 MALE）中获取第一个字符，如果这意味着“结束”，则否定 int-cast 值，否则只需将 int-cast 值作为一种排序DESC。

在 (My)SQL 中，这可以正常工作（您可以在前 3 列中看到真实数据）：

然而，在 Hibernate 5.3.6 中，将其转换为 @OrderBy 注释：

@OrderBy("SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 1, 1) ASC, CASE WHEN SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 1, 1 ) = 'O' THEN -CAST(SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) ELSE CAST(SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) END DESC, SUBSTRING( teamTypeCode, 4, 1 ) DESC, ordinalNbr")

在启动服务器时给我一个异常：

01:50:29,345 ERROR [stderr] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 72) line 1:37: unexpected token: CASE

01:50:29,354 INFO  [org.hibernate.orm.beans] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 72) HHH10005004: Stopping BeanContainer : org.hibernate.resource.beans.container.internal.CdiBeanContainerExtendedAccessImpl@24248b3
01:50:29,355 INFO  [org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 72) HHH000369: Error stopping service [class org.hibernate.resource.beans.internal.ManagedBeanRegistryImpl] : java.lang.NullPointerException
01:50:29,355 ERROR [org.jboss.msc.service.fail] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 72) MSC000001: Failed to start service jboss.persistenceunit."bbstats-0.8.war#BBStatsPU": org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit."bbstats-0.8.war#BBStatsPU": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: BBStatsPU] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:195)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:125)
    at org.wildfly.security.manager.WildFlySecurityManager.doChecked(WildFlySecurityManager.java:650)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:209)
    at org.jboss.threads.ContextClassLoaderSavingRunnable.run(ContextClassLoaderSavingRunnable.java:35)
    at org.jboss.threads.EnhancedQueueExecutor.safeRun(EnhancedQueueExecutor.java:1985)
    at org.jboss.threads.EnhancedQueueExecutor$ThreadBody.doRunTask(EnhancedQueueExecutor.java:1487)
    at org.jboss.threads.EnhancedQueueExecutor$ThreadBody.run(EnhancedQueueExecutor.java:1378)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    at org.jboss.threads.JBossThread.run(JBossThread.java:485)
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: BBStatsPU] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.persistenceException(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1016)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:942)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.hibernate5.TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.build(TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.java:44)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:167)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not get constructor for org.hibernate.persister.collection.OneToManyPersister
    at org.hibernate.persister.internal.PersisterFactoryImpl.createCollectionPersister(PersisterFactoryImpl.java:178)
    at org.hibernate.persister.internal.PersisterFactoryImpl.createCollectionPersister(PersisterFactoryImpl.java:140)
    at org.hibernate.metamodel.internal.MetamodelImpl.initialize(MetamodelImpl.java:198)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:295)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:467)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:939)
    ... 11 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Unable to parse order-by fragment
    at org.hibernate.sql.ordering.antlr.OrderByFragmentTranslator.translate(OrderByFragmentTranslator.java:55)
    at org.hibernate.sql.Template.translateOrderBy(Template.java:724)
    at org.hibernate.persister.collection.AbstractCollectionPersister.<init>(AbstractCollectionPersister.java:556)
    at org.hibernate.persister.collection.OneToManyPersister.<init>(OneToManyPersister.java:69)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor53.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.hibernate.persister.internal.PersisterFactoryImpl.createCollectionPersister(PersisterFactoryImpl.java:152)
    ... 16 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.hibernate.sql.ordering.antlr.OrderByFragmentParser.postProcessSortSpecification(OrderByFragmentParser.java:251)
    at org.hibernate.sql.ordering.antlr.GeneratedOrderByFragmentParser.sortSpecification(GeneratedOrderByFragmentParser.java:314)
    at org.hibernate.sql.ordering.antlr.GeneratedOrderByFragmentParser.orderByFragment(GeneratedOrderByFragmentParser.java:198)
    at org.hibernate.sql.ordering.antlr.OrderByFragmentTranslator.translate(OrderByFragmentTranslator.java:49)
    ... 23 more

01:50:29,355 ERROR [org.jboss.as.controller.management-operation] (Controller Boot Thread) WFLYCTL0013: Operation ("deploy") failed - address: ([("deployment" => "bbstats-0.8.war")]) - failure description: {"WFLYCTL0080: Failed services" => {"jboss.persistenceunit.\"bbstats-0.8.war#BBStatsPU\"" => "javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: BBStatsPU] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: BBStatsPU] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not get constructor for org.hibernate.persister.collection.OneToManyPersister
    Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Unable to parse order-by fragment
    Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException"}}

然而，根据How to Use CASE, WHEN in JPA，这应该可以工作。

问题

怎么了？有没有其他技巧可以通过@OrderBy 完成它？这是一个错误吗？ （请注意，我仍然可以通过 Comparator 手动排序来解决它，但我想在没有的情况下完成它 - 如果可能的话）

---

编辑：

使用特定于 Hibernate 的注释，它使用 SQL 子句，会导致相同的异常：

@org.hibernate.annotations.OrderBy( clause= "SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 1, 1 ) ASC, CASE WHEN SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 1, 1 ) = 'O' THEN -CAST(SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) ELSE CAST(SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 2, 2 ) AS DECIMAL) END DESC, SUBSTRING( team_type_code, 4, 1 ) DESC, ordinal_nbr" )

Answer 1

根据文档，您不能像以前那样使用 OrderBy 注释。 https://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/persistence/OrderBy.html

在你的例子中，它展示了如何在查询场景中使用。

编辑：您仍然可以在查询数据时使用“order by”，它应该可以工作，但我不确定它是否是您想要的。