如何为 Spring 测试配置嵌套依赖项？

Question

我遇到的错误与在注入到 Test 类之前解析属性有关。注入属性时，我最终得到${property.name}。但是，考虑到存在嵌套依赖关系，Test 类的配置似乎非常错误。

具体错误：Caused by: java.net.URISyntaxException: Illegal character in authority at index 8: https://${sqs.endpoint}

我有一个配置类来为 @Bean 加载特定的道具：

@Configuration
public class AWSConfig {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AWSConfig.class);
    private @Value("${sqs.endpoint}") String endpoint;

    @Bean(name = "awsClient")
    @Primary
    public AmazonSQSAsyncClient amazonSQSClient() {
        AmazonSQSAsyncClient awsSQSAsyncClient
                = new AmazonSQSAsyncClient();

        awsSQSAsyncClient.setEndpoint(endpoint);
        return awsSQSAsyncClient;
    }
}

这是@Bean 的注入位置：

@Component
public class SqsQueueSender {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SqsQueueSender.class);
    private final QueueMessagingTemplate queueMessagingTemplate;

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("awsClient")
    AmazonSQSAsyncClient amazonSQSAsyncClient;

    public SqsQueueSender(AmazonSQSAsync amazonSQSAsyncClient) {
        this.queueMessagingTemplate = new QueueMessagingTemplate(amazonSQSAsyncClient);
    }

    //take advantage of convertAndSend to send POJOs in appropriate format
    public void send(String queueName, String message) {
        this.queueMessagingTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, MessageBuilder.withPayload(message).build());
    }
}

这一切似乎都有效，至少应用程序启动并从任一位置打印日志。不过，我无法针对此代码运行单元测试。我不知道如何正确设置配置。这是测试类的最新迭代：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class SqsQueueSenderTest {

    @Configuration
    static class ContextConfiguration {

        private @Value("${sqs.endpoint}") String endpoint;

        @Bean(name = "awsClient")
        @Primary
        public AmazonSQSAsyncClient amazonSQSClient() {
            AmazonSQSAsyncClient awsSQSAsyncClient
                    = new AmazonSQSAsyncClient();

            awsSQSAsyncClient.setEndpoint(endpoint);
            return awsSQSAsyncClient;
        }

        @Bean
        public SqsQueueSender sqsQueueSender() {
            SqsQueueSender sqsQueueSender = new SqsQueueSender(amazonSQSClient());

            // set up the client
            return sqsQueueSender;
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    SqsQueueSender sqsQueueSender;// = new SqsQueueSender(new AmazonSQSAsyncClient());


    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SqsQueueSenderTest.class);

    // attributes for in-memory sqs server
    AmazonSQSClient client;
    SQSRestServer server;
    SQSRestServerBuilder sqsRestServerBuilder;


    @Before
    public void startup() {
        LOGGER.info("Building in-memory SQS server");
        this.server = sqsRestServerBuilder.withPort(9324).withInterface("localhost").start();
        this.client = new AmazonSQSClient(new BasicAWSCredentials("x", "x"));
        client.setEndpoint("http://localhost:9324");
        client.createQueue("test");
        LOGGER.info("Finished building in-memory SQS server");
    }

    @After
    public void shutdown() {
        LOGGER.info("Stopping in-memory SQS server");
        server.stopAndWait();
        LOGGER.info("Finished stopping in-memory SQS server");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSending() {
        LOGGER.info("~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        sqsQueueSender.send("test", "new message");
        LOGGER.info("The current queues are" + client.listQueues().toString());
        LOGGER.info("~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
    }
}

Answer 1

Joe，首先将你的连接属性放在一个资源中进行测试：

src/test/resouces/test.properties

然后将其添加到 Test 类定义中：

@PropertySource(
          value={"classpath:test.properties"},
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class SqsQueueSenderTest {

最后在你的配置类中添加这个bean：

@Configuration static class ContextConfiguration {

     @Bean
     public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer properties() throws Exception {
            return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
     }
}

不要忘记在属性文件中放置“sqs.endpoint”网址。

在我看来，这是将属性注入测试类的更简洁的方法之一。