使用 Spring 自动装配时创建 bean

Question

我正在尝试为我的控制器编写测试。当 Web 服务运行时，一切正常。但是，当我运行测试时，我得到：

Error creating bean with name 'Controller': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'service'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.prov.Service' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

正如您在下面看到的，我相信所有内容都已正确自动装配，并且我的项目结构已正确设置，因此组件扫描仪可以正确找到注释，但我仍然收到此错误。

控制器：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class Controller {

    @Autowired
    private Service service;

    @JsonView(Views.All.class)
    @RequestMapping(value = "/prov/users", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public CommonWebResponse<String> handleRequest(@RequestBody UserData userData) {
        return service.prov(userData);  
    }
}

服务：

@Service
public class Service {

    @Autowired
    private Repo repo;

    @Autowired
    private OtherService otherService;

    public CommonWebResponse<String> prov(UserData userData) {
        // do stuff here
        return new SuccessWebResponse<>("Status");
    }
}

控制器测试：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(
        controllers = Controller.class,
        excludeFilters = {
                @ComponentScan.Filter(
                        type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,
                        value = {CorsFilter.class, AuthenticationFilter.class}
                )
        }
)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc(secure = false)
public class ControllerTest {

    public static final MediaType APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8 = new MediaType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.getType(), MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON.getSubtype(), Charset.forName("utf8"));

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    public void connectToEndpoint_shouldReturnTrue() {
        UserData userData = new UserData("a", "bunch", "of", "fields");
        try {
            mvc.perform(post("/api/prov/users").contentType(APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
                    .content(asJsonString(userData))
                    .accept(MediaType.ALL))
                    .andExpect(status().isOk());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Assert.fail();
        }
    }

}

Answer 1

Controller 类自动装配您的 Service 类。因此，测试 Controller 类需要存在您的 Service 类，因为 Controller 依赖于创建 Service 类型的 bean。这意味着您要么必须 @Autowired 您的服务类进入您的测试，或者（最好）使用类似 Mockito 的东西来模拟它。

（用代码示例编辑）：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(Controller.class)
public class ControllerTest {
    @MockBean
    private Service service

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    public void foo() {
        String somePayload = "Hello, World";
        String myParams = "foo";
        when(service.method(myParams)).thenReturn(somePayload);
        mvc.perform(get("my/url/to/test").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$", is(equalTo("Hello, World"))));
    }
}

请注意，此示例将 Hamcrest 用于 is() 和 equalTo() 等内容