在 Windows 8、python 3.3 中创建虚拟环境时遇到问题

Question

我正在尝试在 Python 中创建一个虚拟环境，但是无论我重新安装多少次 python-setuptools 和 pip，我总是会收到错误消息。

我的计算机运行的是 Windows 8，我使用的是 Python 3.3。

E:\Documents\proj>virtualenv venv --distribute
Using base prefix 'c:\\Python33'
New python executable in venv\Scripts\python.exe
Installing setuptools, pip...
  Complete output from command E:\Documents\proj\venv\Scripts\python.exe -c "imp
ort sys, pip; pip...ll\"] + sys.argv[1:])" setuptools pip:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1567, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1534, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\pip-1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pip\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1567, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1534, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\pip-1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pip\log.py", line 8, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1567, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1534, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 2696, in <modul
e>
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 429, in __init_
_
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 443, in add_ent
ry
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 1722, in find_i
n_zip
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 1298, in has_me
tadata
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 1614, in _has
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv_suppo
rt\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\pkg_resources.py", line 1488, in _zipin
fo_name
AssertionError: c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\EGG-INFO
\PKG-INFO is not a subpath of c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.
3.egg\virtualenv_support\setuptools-2.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl\
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pip...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python33\Scripts\virtualenv-script.py", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('virtualenv==1.11', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv.py",
line 820, in main
    symlink=options.symlink)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv.py",
line 988, in create_environment
    install_wheel(to_install, py_executable, search_dirs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv.py",
line 956, in install_wheel
    'PIP_NO_INDEX': '1'
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\virtualenv-1.11-py3.3.egg\virtualenv.py",
line 898, in call_subprocess
    % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command E:\Documents\proj\venv\Scripts\python.exe -c "import sys, pip;
pip...ll\"] + sys.argv[1:])" setuptools pip failed with error code 1

Answer 1

我找到了解决这个问题的方法。只有几天前发布的最新的virtualenv（v1.11）有这个问题。从你的 site-packages 文件夹中删除 egg 并通过easy_install virtualenv==1.10.1 安装以前的版本，virtualenv 可以正常工作。

Answer 2

我安装 virtulaenvwrapper-win 并使用命令将我的 virtualenv 版本升级到最新（1.11.5）：

pip install virtualenv --upgrade

如果我写：

mkvirtualenv demo --system-site-packages --python=C:\Python34\python.exe

我明白了：

python.exe: can't open file 'C:\Python34\Scripts\virtualenv-script.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

解决方案——使用virtualenv，非virtualenvwrapper：

cd C:\www\virtualenvs
virtualenv demo --system-site-packages --python=C:\Python34\python.exe

现在我只使用 workon 来激活/停用虚拟环境。 系统：Windows 8.1 x64

Answer 3

使用 virtualenvwraper==4.7.1（可能还有更高版本），可以像这样编辑 mkvirtualenv.bat：

取消注释第 48 行（删除 REM）：

virtualenv.exe %*

评论第 49 行（添加 REM）

REM python.exe "%PYHOME%\Scripts\virtualenv-script.py" %ARGS%